PHARM
Nagelhout Pharmacology Exam I
Pharmacology - Correct Ans-The study of the effect of chemicals on living tissue
Pharmacokinetics - Correct Ans-The study of the absorption, distribution, metabolism,
and excretion of drugs (ADME)
Pharmaceutics - Correct Ans-the formulation and preparation of drugs (form, dosing,
etc)
Pharmacoeconomics - Correct Ans-The study of the economic impact of drugs
Toxicology - Correct Ans-the study of the harmful effects of chemicals
Pharmacognosy - Correct Ans-the study of the medicinal uses of naturally occurring
compounds (botox, digitalis, ephedrine)
Pharmacy - Correct Ans-the preparation and dispensing of drugs
Pharmacogenetics - Correct Ans-genetic influences by and on drugs
Pharmacodynamics - Correct Ans-physiological and biochemical mechanism of action
of drugs
Pharmacogenomics - Correct Ans-identifies discrete genetic differences among
individuals that play a critical role in drug response
Pharmacoepidemiology - Correct Ans-the study of the use and effects of drugs on large
groups of people
Ligand - Correct Ans-a chemical substance that binds to a specific receptor
What two types of ligands are there? - Correct Ans-agonists and antagonists
What does an agonist do? - Correct Ans-binds to a receptor and STIMULATES the
function that receptor serves
What does an antagonist do? - Correct Ans-binds to a receptor and BLOCKS the
function that receptor serves
What is competitive binding? - Correct Ans-reversible (most drugs)
What is NONcompetitive binding? - Correct Ans-NONreversible (drug never lets go)
PHARM
, PHARM
What's an example of a noncompetitive drug binding? - Correct Ans-ASA binding to a
platelet
What is the effective dose in 50% of the population of a drug? - Correct Ans-ED50
What is the toxic dose in 50% of the population? - Correct Ans-TD50
What is the lethal dose in 50% of the population? - Correct Ans-LD50
What ratio describes the therapeutic index? - Correct Ans-LD50/ED50 (lethal
dose/effective dose)
What is the therapeutic window? - Correct Ans-an estimation of drug dosage which can
treat disease effectively, while staying within the safety range
What else can describe the therapeutic window? - Correct Ans-TD50/ED50 (toxic
dose/effective dose)
Name the common chemical bonds in order of strongest to weakest - Correct Ans-
Covalent>Ionic>Hydrogen>Hydrophobic>Van der Waals
What are the four things that a dose response curve can tell you? - Correct Ans-affinity
(potency), efficacy, variability, and slope (VASE)
What term can be described by the continued stimulation of cells with agonists resulting
in a state of desensitization? - Correct Ans-down-regulation or refractoriness
What would you do to treat down-regulation? - Correct Ans-the patient would need
increasing doses to achieve the same effect
What happens when chronic administration of an antagonists causes the number and
sensitivity of receptors to increase as a response to chronic blockade? - Correct Ans-
up-regulation
What would need to be done in up-regulation to counteract the increasing number of
receptors? - Correct Ans-higher doses of antagonist required
What is bioavailability? - Correct Ans-the percentage of a drug contained in a drug
product that enters the systemic circulation in an unchanged form after administration of
the product
What is the alteration in the therapeutic action of a drug by concurrent administration of
other exogenous chemicals? - Correct Ans-interaction
The combined effect of two drugs acting via the same mechanism is equal to that
expected by simple addition of their individual actions= ? - Correct Ans-addition
PHARM
Nagelhout Pharmacology Exam I
Pharmacology - Correct Ans-The study of the effect of chemicals on living tissue
Pharmacokinetics - Correct Ans-The study of the absorption, distribution, metabolism,
and excretion of drugs (ADME)
Pharmaceutics - Correct Ans-the formulation and preparation of drugs (form, dosing,
etc)
Pharmacoeconomics - Correct Ans-The study of the economic impact of drugs
Toxicology - Correct Ans-the study of the harmful effects of chemicals
Pharmacognosy - Correct Ans-the study of the medicinal uses of naturally occurring
compounds (botox, digitalis, ephedrine)
Pharmacy - Correct Ans-the preparation and dispensing of drugs
Pharmacogenetics - Correct Ans-genetic influences by and on drugs
Pharmacodynamics - Correct Ans-physiological and biochemical mechanism of action
of drugs
Pharmacogenomics - Correct Ans-identifies discrete genetic differences among
individuals that play a critical role in drug response
Pharmacoepidemiology - Correct Ans-the study of the use and effects of drugs on large
groups of people
Ligand - Correct Ans-a chemical substance that binds to a specific receptor
What two types of ligands are there? - Correct Ans-agonists and antagonists
What does an agonist do? - Correct Ans-binds to a receptor and STIMULATES the
function that receptor serves
What does an antagonist do? - Correct Ans-binds to a receptor and BLOCKS the
function that receptor serves
What is competitive binding? - Correct Ans-reversible (most drugs)
What is NONcompetitive binding? - Correct Ans-NONreversible (drug never lets go)
PHARM
, PHARM
What's an example of a noncompetitive drug binding? - Correct Ans-ASA binding to a
platelet
What is the effective dose in 50% of the population of a drug? - Correct Ans-ED50
What is the toxic dose in 50% of the population? - Correct Ans-TD50
What is the lethal dose in 50% of the population? - Correct Ans-LD50
What ratio describes the therapeutic index? - Correct Ans-LD50/ED50 (lethal
dose/effective dose)
What is the therapeutic window? - Correct Ans-an estimation of drug dosage which can
treat disease effectively, while staying within the safety range
What else can describe the therapeutic window? - Correct Ans-TD50/ED50 (toxic
dose/effective dose)
Name the common chemical bonds in order of strongest to weakest - Correct Ans-
Covalent>Ionic>Hydrogen>Hydrophobic>Van der Waals
What are the four things that a dose response curve can tell you? - Correct Ans-affinity
(potency), efficacy, variability, and slope (VASE)
What term can be described by the continued stimulation of cells with agonists resulting
in a state of desensitization? - Correct Ans-down-regulation or refractoriness
What would you do to treat down-regulation? - Correct Ans-the patient would need
increasing doses to achieve the same effect
What happens when chronic administration of an antagonists causes the number and
sensitivity of receptors to increase as a response to chronic blockade? - Correct Ans-
up-regulation
What would need to be done in up-regulation to counteract the increasing number of
receptors? - Correct Ans-higher doses of antagonist required
What is bioavailability? - Correct Ans-the percentage of a drug contained in a drug
product that enters the systemic circulation in an unchanged form after administration of
the product
What is the alteration in the therapeutic action of a drug by concurrent administration of
other exogenous chemicals? - Correct Ans-interaction
The combined effect of two drugs acting via the same mechanism is equal to that
expected by simple addition of their individual actions= ? - Correct Ans-addition
PHARM
