PTAP 1240 TEST 1 QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS
Conduction,heat loss or gain through direct contact between materials with
different temperatures
Conduction Examples,Hot pack, paraffin, ice massage, icepack
Radiation,transfers heat through air from a warmer source to a cooler source
Convection examples,Fluidotherapy and whirlpool
Convection,the transference of heat to a body by the movement of air, matter, or
liquid around or past the body
Radiation,transfers heat through air from a warmer source to a cooler source
Radiation Examples,Infrared heat lamp
Conversion,the transfer of heat when non-thermal energy (mechanical,
electrical) is absorbed into tissue and transformed into heat
Conversion Example,Diathermy, ultrasound
Evaporation,the transfer of heat as a liquid absorbs energy and changes form to
a vapor
Evaporation Example,◦vapocoolant sprays (cold therapy)
Extent of temperature change results from the following,◦Temperature
difference between the heat agent and the intervention tissue
◦Time of exposure to the heat agent
◦Thermal conductivity of the intervention tissue
◦Intensity of the heat agent
, Superficial Heat,Skin is heated in 8-10 min. & maintained up to 30 min
◦Generally heats to depths <2 cm from surface of skin
Deep Heat,Increase the temperature at depths of 3 to 5 cm
Physiologic Effects of Heat,•Vasodilation: Increases blood flow
• Increase nerve conduction velocity
• Increase pain threshold
• Increases cellular metabolic rate
• Temporary reduction of strength
• Increase collagen extensibility
•Increased joint motion, decreased stiffness
•Increases possibility of hematoma becoming infected
•Heat may prevent adhesion formation
• Accelerate healing
•Promotes reabsorption of hematomas
Therapeutic Goals of Heat,§Alleviation of pain and pain management
§ Reduction of muscle guarding and spasm
§ Increased tissue extensibility including the viscoelastic properties of tendons
and muscle
§ Improvement of ROM thus aiding functional mobility
MHP,moist hot pack
HP,hot pack
Contraindications for use of Thermotherapy,Ø- Recent of potential hemorrhage-
the vasodilation may reopen a vascular lesion and increase the rate of blood
flow in the area of recent hemorrhage and exacerbate the bleeding. If the patient
reports bruising or bleeding in the previous 48 to 72 hours heat should not be
applied.
Ø- Thrombophlebitis- the heat may cause a thrombus or a blood clot to become
dislodged from the treatment
Ø- Impaired sensation- patient who can not feel or report the sensation of heat
can easily be burned before the clinician realizes there is a problem.
Ø- Impaired mentation- patient who can not feel or report the sensation of heat
can easily be burned before the clinician realizes there is a problem
ANSWERS
Conduction,heat loss or gain through direct contact between materials with
different temperatures
Conduction Examples,Hot pack, paraffin, ice massage, icepack
Radiation,transfers heat through air from a warmer source to a cooler source
Convection examples,Fluidotherapy and whirlpool
Convection,the transference of heat to a body by the movement of air, matter, or
liquid around or past the body
Radiation,transfers heat through air from a warmer source to a cooler source
Radiation Examples,Infrared heat lamp
Conversion,the transfer of heat when non-thermal energy (mechanical,
electrical) is absorbed into tissue and transformed into heat
Conversion Example,Diathermy, ultrasound
Evaporation,the transfer of heat as a liquid absorbs energy and changes form to
a vapor
Evaporation Example,◦vapocoolant sprays (cold therapy)
Extent of temperature change results from the following,◦Temperature
difference between the heat agent and the intervention tissue
◦Time of exposure to the heat agent
◦Thermal conductivity of the intervention tissue
◦Intensity of the heat agent
, Superficial Heat,Skin is heated in 8-10 min. & maintained up to 30 min
◦Generally heats to depths <2 cm from surface of skin
Deep Heat,Increase the temperature at depths of 3 to 5 cm
Physiologic Effects of Heat,•Vasodilation: Increases blood flow
• Increase nerve conduction velocity
• Increase pain threshold
• Increases cellular metabolic rate
• Temporary reduction of strength
• Increase collagen extensibility
•Increased joint motion, decreased stiffness
•Increases possibility of hematoma becoming infected
•Heat may prevent adhesion formation
• Accelerate healing
•Promotes reabsorption of hematomas
Therapeutic Goals of Heat,§Alleviation of pain and pain management
§ Reduction of muscle guarding and spasm
§ Increased tissue extensibility including the viscoelastic properties of tendons
and muscle
§ Improvement of ROM thus aiding functional mobility
MHP,moist hot pack
HP,hot pack
Contraindications for use of Thermotherapy,Ø- Recent of potential hemorrhage-
the vasodilation may reopen a vascular lesion and increase the rate of blood
flow in the area of recent hemorrhage and exacerbate the bleeding. If the patient
reports bruising or bleeding in the previous 48 to 72 hours heat should not be
applied.
Ø- Thrombophlebitis- the heat may cause a thrombus or a blood clot to become
dislodged from the treatment
Ø- Impaired sensation- patient who can not feel or report the sensation of heat
can easily be burned before the clinician realizes there is a problem.
Ø- Impaired mentation- patient who can not feel or report the sensation of heat
can easily be burned before the clinician realizes there is a problem
