PTAP 1240 STUDY GUIDE QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS
Thermal - ANSWER (Types) deep heating agents, superficial heating agents,
cooling agents. (Examples) Ultrasound, diathermy, hot pack, ice pack.
Mechanical - ANSWER (Types) reaction, compression, water, sound.
(Examples) Mechanical traction, elastic bandage, stockings, whirlpool,
ultrasound.
Electromagnetic - ANSWER (Types) Electromagnetic fields, electrical
currents. (Examples) Ultraviolet, laser, transcutaneous electrical nerve
stimulation (TENS).
Conduction - ANSWER 1. Energy exchange by direct collision between the
molecules of two materials at different temperatures
Modalities that use conduction:
A. Hot pack or warm paraffin—heat from the agent to the patient
B. Ice pack—heat from the patient to the agent
Convection - ANSWER 2. Heat transfer by direct contact between a circulating
medium with another material of a different temperature
a. Modalities that use convection: whirlpool and fluidotherapy
Conversion - ANSWER 2. Heat transfer by conversion involves conversion of
a nonthermal form of energy such as mechanical, electrical, or chemical energy
into heat.
. Modalities that use conversion: Ultrasound and diathermy
Radiation - ANSWER 2. the transfer of energy from a material with a higher
temperature to one with a lower temperature without an intervening medium or
contact.
. Modalities that use radiation: Infrared (IR) lamps
, Evaporation - ANSWER 2. A material must absorb energy to evaporate, or
change from a liquid to a gas, or vapor.
. Modalities that use evaporation: vapocoolant
Physical agents Contras - ANSWER • Pregnancy
• Malignancy
• Pacemaker or other implanted electronic device
• Impaired sensation
•Impaired mentation
Cryotherapy Contras - ANSWER • Cold hypersensitivity (cold-included
urticaria)
• Cold intolerance
• Cryoglobulinemia
• Paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria
• Raynaud disease peripheral nerves
•Over an area with circulatory compromise or peripheral vascular disease
Cryotherapy PREC - ANSWER • Over the superficial main branch of a nerve
• Over an open wound
• Hypertension
• Poor sensation or mentation
•Very young and very old patients
Thermotherapy Contras - ANSWER • Recent of potential hemorrhage
• Thrombophlebitis
• Impaired sensation
• Impaired mentation
• Malignant tumor
•IR irradiation of the eyes
Thermotherapy - ANSWER • Acute injury or inflammation
• Pregnancy
• Impaired circulation
• Edema
• Poor thermoregulation
• Cardiac insufficiency
ANSWERS
Thermal - ANSWER (Types) deep heating agents, superficial heating agents,
cooling agents. (Examples) Ultrasound, diathermy, hot pack, ice pack.
Mechanical - ANSWER (Types) reaction, compression, water, sound.
(Examples) Mechanical traction, elastic bandage, stockings, whirlpool,
ultrasound.
Electromagnetic - ANSWER (Types) Electromagnetic fields, electrical
currents. (Examples) Ultraviolet, laser, transcutaneous electrical nerve
stimulation (TENS).
Conduction - ANSWER 1. Energy exchange by direct collision between the
molecules of two materials at different temperatures
Modalities that use conduction:
A. Hot pack or warm paraffin—heat from the agent to the patient
B. Ice pack—heat from the patient to the agent
Convection - ANSWER 2. Heat transfer by direct contact between a circulating
medium with another material of a different temperature
a. Modalities that use convection: whirlpool and fluidotherapy
Conversion - ANSWER 2. Heat transfer by conversion involves conversion of
a nonthermal form of energy such as mechanical, electrical, or chemical energy
into heat.
. Modalities that use conversion: Ultrasound and diathermy
Radiation - ANSWER 2. the transfer of energy from a material with a higher
temperature to one with a lower temperature without an intervening medium or
contact.
. Modalities that use radiation: Infrared (IR) lamps
, Evaporation - ANSWER 2. A material must absorb energy to evaporate, or
change from a liquid to a gas, or vapor.
. Modalities that use evaporation: vapocoolant
Physical agents Contras - ANSWER • Pregnancy
• Malignancy
• Pacemaker or other implanted electronic device
• Impaired sensation
•Impaired mentation
Cryotherapy Contras - ANSWER • Cold hypersensitivity (cold-included
urticaria)
• Cold intolerance
• Cryoglobulinemia
• Paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria
• Raynaud disease peripheral nerves
•Over an area with circulatory compromise or peripheral vascular disease
Cryotherapy PREC - ANSWER • Over the superficial main branch of a nerve
• Over an open wound
• Hypertension
• Poor sensation or mentation
•Very young and very old patients
Thermotherapy Contras - ANSWER • Recent of potential hemorrhage
• Thrombophlebitis
• Impaired sensation
• Impaired mentation
• Malignant tumor
•IR irradiation of the eyes
Thermotherapy - ANSWER • Acute injury or inflammation
• Pregnancy
• Impaired circulation
• Edema
• Poor thermoregulation
• Cardiac insufficiency
