WGU BIOCHEMISTRY OA FINAL PAPER 2025/2026
QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS RATED A+
✔✔DNA - ✔✔-twisted ladder
-double helix
-in nucleus
-deoxyribose
-bases= Anine, Thymine, Cytosine, Guarine
-in all molecules
-have nucleotides
✔✔RNA - ✔✔-plays "messenger"
-in & outside nucleus
-ribose
-Adenine, Uracil, Guarine, Cytosine
-mRNA=messenger (takes message to ribosome)
-rRNA=ribosomal RNA
-tRNA=transfers amino acids
✔✔Transcription - ✔✔-comes first! Transcribes DNA into message.
(RNA polymerase will connect complementary bases. mRNA can go out of nucleus to
attach to ribosome of rRNA)
✔✔How do rising blood CO2 levels promote the deoxygenated confirmation of
hemoglobin? - ✔✔CO2 reacts with H2O in the blood & decreases pH, which promotes
the dome confirmation of the heme group.
✔✔How does hemoglobin keep blood pH neutral during exercise? - ✔✔Deoxygenated
hemoglobin binds to excess H+
✔✔What is occurring in surrounding tissues as the amount of hemoglobin saturated
with oxygen increases? - ✔✔The concentration of hydrogen ions decreases.
✔✔Translation - ✔✔-2nd step
-builds protein
(tRNA leaves behind its amino acid, built chain of amino acids)
✔✔Factors that favor the oxygenated form of hemoglobin: - ✔✔-increased pH
-decreased CO2
✔✔Which metal ion is bound to the porphyrin ring in hemoglobin? - ✔✔Iron
✔✔Which feature of hemoglobin makes it an effective O2 transport molecule? - ✔✔It's
affinity for O2 is regulated by pH.
, ✔✔What is a temporary modification to protein structure by kinases that alters enzyme
function? - ✔✔Phosphorylation
✔✔Which type of inhibition occurs when a particular drug binds to the allosteric site of
an enzyme and subsequently changes the enzyme's structure? - ✔✔Noncompetitive
✔✔Proteases - ✔✔-a class of enzymes
-hydrolyze protein strands into smaller units
-increase pH= significant decrease in protease activity
✔✔How do the rates of enzyme catalyzed reactions compare to those of corresponding
uncatalyzed reactions? - ✔✔They are 10^6 to 10^12 times faster.
✔✔Which change will likely increase the activity of an enzyme currently at optimal
conditions? - ✔✔Significantly increasing substrate concentrations
✔✔What occurs immediately after the appropriate molecule enters the active site of the
enzyme? - ✔✔The enzyme binds to the molecule to form an enzyme molecule complex.
✔✔Are enzymes specific? - ✔✔Yes
✔✔What process is disrupted after a patient invests excessive antacid that neutralizes
the pH of the stomach? - ✔✔Protein catabolism
✔✔In Alzheimer's patients, which biochemical event is responsible for their behavior? -
✔✔Protein aggregation
✔✔In which situation would altering a protein structure lead to a disease state? - ✔✔A
mutation aconitase blocks essential step in aerobic metabolism
✔✔Which force is most influential in determining the tertiary structure of a protein? -
✔✔Hydrophobic effect
✔✔Quaternary structure - ✔✔Large, functional protein structure composed or smaller
proteins with multiple subunits.
✔✔Primary - ✔✔Level of protein structure established through the dehydration
synthesis of peptide bonds
✔✔Describe the protein gradient of the proton that during aerobic metabolism. -
✔✔There is a higher H+ concentration in the inter membrane space than in the matrix.
QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS RATED A+
✔✔DNA - ✔✔-twisted ladder
-double helix
-in nucleus
-deoxyribose
-bases= Anine, Thymine, Cytosine, Guarine
-in all molecules
-have nucleotides
✔✔RNA - ✔✔-plays "messenger"
-in & outside nucleus
-ribose
-Adenine, Uracil, Guarine, Cytosine
-mRNA=messenger (takes message to ribosome)
-rRNA=ribosomal RNA
-tRNA=transfers amino acids
✔✔Transcription - ✔✔-comes first! Transcribes DNA into message.
(RNA polymerase will connect complementary bases. mRNA can go out of nucleus to
attach to ribosome of rRNA)
✔✔How do rising blood CO2 levels promote the deoxygenated confirmation of
hemoglobin? - ✔✔CO2 reacts with H2O in the blood & decreases pH, which promotes
the dome confirmation of the heme group.
✔✔How does hemoglobin keep blood pH neutral during exercise? - ✔✔Deoxygenated
hemoglobin binds to excess H+
✔✔What is occurring in surrounding tissues as the amount of hemoglobin saturated
with oxygen increases? - ✔✔The concentration of hydrogen ions decreases.
✔✔Translation - ✔✔-2nd step
-builds protein
(tRNA leaves behind its amino acid, built chain of amino acids)
✔✔Factors that favor the oxygenated form of hemoglobin: - ✔✔-increased pH
-decreased CO2
✔✔Which metal ion is bound to the porphyrin ring in hemoglobin? - ✔✔Iron
✔✔Which feature of hemoglobin makes it an effective O2 transport molecule? - ✔✔It's
affinity for O2 is regulated by pH.
, ✔✔What is a temporary modification to protein structure by kinases that alters enzyme
function? - ✔✔Phosphorylation
✔✔Which type of inhibition occurs when a particular drug binds to the allosteric site of
an enzyme and subsequently changes the enzyme's structure? - ✔✔Noncompetitive
✔✔Proteases - ✔✔-a class of enzymes
-hydrolyze protein strands into smaller units
-increase pH= significant decrease in protease activity
✔✔How do the rates of enzyme catalyzed reactions compare to those of corresponding
uncatalyzed reactions? - ✔✔They are 10^6 to 10^12 times faster.
✔✔Which change will likely increase the activity of an enzyme currently at optimal
conditions? - ✔✔Significantly increasing substrate concentrations
✔✔What occurs immediately after the appropriate molecule enters the active site of the
enzyme? - ✔✔The enzyme binds to the molecule to form an enzyme molecule complex.
✔✔Are enzymes specific? - ✔✔Yes
✔✔What process is disrupted after a patient invests excessive antacid that neutralizes
the pH of the stomach? - ✔✔Protein catabolism
✔✔In Alzheimer's patients, which biochemical event is responsible for their behavior? -
✔✔Protein aggregation
✔✔In which situation would altering a protein structure lead to a disease state? - ✔✔A
mutation aconitase blocks essential step in aerobic metabolism
✔✔Which force is most influential in determining the tertiary structure of a protein? -
✔✔Hydrophobic effect
✔✔Quaternary structure - ✔✔Large, functional protein structure composed or smaller
proteins with multiple subunits.
✔✔Primary - ✔✔Level of protein structure established through the dehydration
synthesis of peptide bonds
✔✔Describe the protein gradient of the proton that during aerobic metabolism. -
✔✔There is a higher H+ concentration in the inter membrane space than in the matrix.
