WGU BIOCHEMISTRY OA ACTUAL EXAM SCRIPT 2025/2026
QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS RATED A+
✔✔Quaternary structure - ✔✔Large, functional protein structure composed or smaller
proteins with multiple subunits.
✔✔Primary - ✔✔Level of protein structure established through the dehydration
synthesis of peptide bonds
✔✔Describe the protein gradient of the proton that during aerobic metabolism. -
✔✔There is a higher H+ concentration in the inter membrane space than in the matrix.
✔✔Which complex polysaccharide acts as an energy storing molecule in the liver? -
✔✔Glycogen
✔✔How does insulin impact carbohydrate metabolism? - ✔✔It stimulates the uptake of
glucose from the blood by cells in the body.
✔✔What occurs during the biochemical process of glucation? - ✔✔A covalent bond
forms between a sugar and a protein or liquid.
✔✔Which metabolic pathway involves coenzyme A, NAD, & FAD? - ✔✔Beta oxidation
✔✔Which cellular condition prompts the cell to perform fermentation rather than the
citric acid cycle? - ✔✔Lack of O2
✔✔What causes the symptoms of NIDDM type 2? - ✔✔There are not enough GluT4
transporters on plasma membranes.
✔✔Which molecule is pyruvate directly converted to under aerobic conditions? -
✔✔Acetyl CoA
✔✔Which cellular organelle required for the citric acid cycle and electron transport chain
is not present in RBCs? - ✔✔Mitochondria
✔✔Which molecule is replenished by fermentation? - ✔✔NAD+
✔✔Which pathway is triggered by the intake of carbs during exercise? - ✔✔Glycolysis
✔✔How many ATP molecules are used in the conversion of pyruvate to glucose? - ✔✔6
✔✔Increased expression - ✔✔Make proteins
, ✔✔Decreased expression - ✔✔Not making proteins
✔✔Promoter - ✔✔Start line
✔✔Methylation - ✔✔-methyl (CH3)
-mRNA added to DNA or nuclosomes
- causes decreased expression
✔✔Base excision repair - ✔✔-only 1 nucleotide damaged
- remove and replace
✔✔Nucleotide excision repair - ✔✔-more than 1 nucleotide damaged
-cut a sequence & replace that section
✔✔Mismatch repair - ✔✔-happens in mistakes with DNA replication
-DNA polymerase proofreads to see if make a right choice, but makes a mistake.
-remove big section of damage and replace all of it
✔✔Homologous recombination - ✔✔-use 2nd copy of the DNA to copy back the correct
info
- double strand (cut DNA in 2), break
✔✔Non-homologous end-joining - ✔✔-happens before DNA replication
-trim the ends-stuck back together
✔✔PCR - ✔✔-DNA replication in a test tube
-Denature, Anneal, Elongation, Repeat
✔✔Denature - ✔✔-step 1 of PCR
-increase heat to separate the DNA
✔✔Anneal - ✔✔-step 2 of PCR
-use DNA primers that match the gene to find only the gene we want (ex: to find BRCA
gene)
✔✔Elongation - ✔✔-step 3 of PCR
-use DNA polymerase to make copies of our genes
✔✔Which ingredients/molecules are required to set up a PCR? - ✔✔-DNA polymerase
(elongation)
-DNA nucleotides (dNTPs)
-primers (annealing)
-template DNA (patient DNA)
QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS RATED A+
✔✔Quaternary structure - ✔✔Large, functional protein structure composed or smaller
proteins with multiple subunits.
✔✔Primary - ✔✔Level of protein structure established through the dehydration
synthesis of peptide bonds
✔✔Describe the protein gradient of the proton that during aerobic metabolism. -
✔✔There is a higher H+ concentration in the inter membrane space than in the matrix.
✔✔Which complex polysaccharide acts as an energy storing molecule in the liver? -
✔✔Glycogen
✔✔How does insulin impact carbohydrate metabolism? - ✔✔It stimulates the uptake of
glucose from the blood by cells in the body.
✔✔What occurs during the biochemical process of glucation? - ✔✔A covalent bond
forms between a sugar and a protein or liquid.
✔✔Which metabolic pathway involves coenzyme A, NAD, & FAD? - ✔✔Beta oxidation
✔✔Which cellular condition prompts the cell to perform fermentation rather than the
citric acid cycle? - ✔✔Lack of O2
✔✔What causes the symptoms of NIDDM type 2? - ✔✔There are not enough GluT4
transporters on plasma membranes.
✔✔Which molecule is pyruvate directly converted to under aerobic conditions? -
✔✔Acetyl CoA
✔✔Which cellular organelle required for the citric acid cycle and electron transport chain
is not present in RBCs? - ✔✔Mitochondria
✔✔Which molecule is replenished by fermentation? - ✔✔NAD+
✔✔Which pathway is triggered by the intake of carbs during exercise? - ✔✔Glycolysis
✔✔How many ATP molecules are used in the conversion of pyruvate to glucose? - ✔✔6
✔✔Increased expression - ✔✔Make proteins
, ✔✔Decreased expression - ✔✔Not making proteins
✔✔Promoter - ✔✔Start line
✔✔Methylation - ✔✔-methyl (CH3)
-mRNA added to DNA or nuclosomes
- causes decreased expression
✔✔Base excision repair - ✔✔-only 1 nucleotide damaged
- remove and replace
✔✔Nucleotide excision repair - ✔✔-more than 1 nucleotide damaged
-cut a sequence & replace that section
✔✔Mismatch repair - ✔✔-happens in mistakes with DNA replication
-DNA polymerase proofreads to see if make a right choice, but makes a mistake.
-remove big section of damage and replace all of it
✔✔Homologous recombination - ✔✔-use 2nd copy of the DNA to copy back the correct
info
- double strand (cut DNA in 2), break
✔✔Non-homologous end-joining - ✔✔-happens before DNA replication
-trim the ends-stuck back together
✔✔PCR - ✔✔-DNA replication in a test tube
-Denature, Anneal, Elongation, Repeat
✔✔Denature - ✔✔-step 1 of PCR
-increase heat to separate the DNA
✔✔Anneal - ✔✔-step 2 of PCR
-use DNA primers that match the gene to find only the gene we want (ex: to find BRCA
gene)
✔✔Elongation - ✔✔-step 3 of PCR
-use DNA polymerase to make copies of our genes
✔✔Which ingredients/molecules are required to set up a PCR? - ✔✔-DNA polymerase
(elongation)
-DNA nucleotides (dNTPs)
-primers (annealing)
-template DNA (patient DNA)
