APHY 101 MIDTERM EXAM QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS (VERIFIED
ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED A+
What is the difference between anatomy and physiology? - ans -Anatomy is the
study of the structure of body parts, whereas physiology is the study of the
function of body parts
What are the characteristics of DNA? - ans -Double-stranded DNA molecules twist
to form a double helix consisting of "sugar-phosphate rails" and bases pair to
form the "rungs."
What are the 4 types the DNA molecule base can be? - ans -(A) adenine
(T) thymine
(C) cytosine
(G) guanine
What are the complementary base pairs for DNA? - ans -A T
CG
Ribonucleic Acid (RNA) - ans -Single-stranded molecules, their nucleotides have
ribose rather than deoxyribose sugar, and uracil rather than thymine. Functions in
protein synthesis.
Nucleotides - ans -Building blocks of nucleic acid; consist of a 5-carbon sugar, a
phosphate group, and one of several nitrogenous bases
What are the 4 types the RNA molecule base can be? - ans -A) adenine
(T) uracil
(C) cytosine
(G) guanine
How is RNA made? - ans -All of the RNA in a cell is made by DNA transcription, a
process catalyzed by a class of enzymes called RNA polymerases.
List the steps of protein synthesis. - ans -During protein synthesis tRNA molecules
bring the appropriate amino acids to align against an mRNA molecule temporarily
, held on a ribosome. The aligned amino acids join and the polypeptide that grows
folds.
Transcription - ans -the process of copying the information encoded in DNA to
produce RNA
Translation - ans -The process of translating the series of codons of mRNA from
the language of nucleic acids to the language of amino acids.
codons - ans -set of three nucleotides in a messenger RNA molecule
corresponding to one of the 20 types of amino acids
How does DNA replicate? - ans -During interphase, hydrogen bonds break
between the base pairs.
The strands unwind and part, and free nucleotides come in and hydrogen bonds
form between the new and the old.
Enzymes catalyze the base pair bonding and the knitting together of the sugar-
phosphate backbone.
Mutations - ans -The rare distinctions in DNA sequence that affect how we look or
feel. Mutations may be spontaneous (due to transient mispairing during DNA
replication) or induced by exposure to certain chemicals or radiation.
What is a tissue? - ans -layers or groups of similar cells with a common function
What are the four types of tissues in the body? - ans -Epithelial, connective,
muscle, and nervous tissues
What are the general characteristics of epithelial tissue? - ans -Covers body
surface and organs, lines body cavities and hollow organs, composes glands, lacks
blood vessels, cells readily divide, and cells are tightly packed; they function in
protection, secretion, absorption, excretion, and sensory
reception.
CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS (VERIFIED
ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED A+
What is the difference between anatomy and physiology? - ans -Anatomy is the
study of the structure of body parts, whereas physiology is the study of the
function of body parts
What are the characteristics of DNA? - ans -Double-stranded DNA molecules twist
to form a double helix consisting of "sugar-phosphate rails" and bases pair to
form the "rungs."
What are the 4 types the DNA molecule base can be? - ans -(A) adenine
(T) thymine
(C) cytosine
(G) guanine
What are the complementary base pairs for DNA? - ans -A T
CG
Ribonucleic Acid (RNA) - ans -Single-stranded molecules, their nucleotides have
ribose rather than deoxyribose sugar, and uracil rather than thymine. Functions in
protein synthesis.
Nucleotides - ans -Building blocks of nucleic acid; consist of a 5-carbon sugar, a
phosphate group, and one of several nitrogenous bases
What are the 4 types the RNA molecule base can be? - ans -A) adenine
(T) uracil
(C) cytosine
(G) guanine
How is RNA made? - ans -All of the RNA in a cell is made by DNA transcription, a
process catalyzed by a class of enzymes called RNA polymerases.
List the steps of protein synthesis. - ans -During protein synthesis tRNA molecules
bring the appropriate amino acids to align against an mRNA molecule temporarily
, held on a ribosome. The aligned amino acids join and the polypeptide that grows
folds.
Transcription - ans -the process of copying the information encoded in DNA to
produce RNA
Translation - ans -The process of translating the series of codons of mRNA from
the language of nucleic acids to the language of amino acids.
codons - ans -set of three nucleotides in a messenger RNA molecule
corresponding to one of the 20 types of amino acids
How does DNA replicate? - ans -During interphase, hydrogen bonds break
between the base pairs.
The strands unwind and part, and free nucleotides come in and hydrogen bonds
form between the new and the old.
Enzymes catalyze the base pair bonding and the knitting together of the sugar-
phosphate backbone.
Mutations - ans -The rare distinctions in DNA sequence that affect how we look or
feel. Mutations may be spontaneous (due to transient mispairing during DNA
replication) or induced by exposure to certain chemicals or radiation.
What is a tissue? - ans -layers or groups of similar cells with a common function
What are the four types of tissues in the body? - ans -Epithelial, connective,
muscle, and nervous tissues
What are the general characteristics of epithelial tissue? - ans -Covers body
surface and organs, lines body cavities and hollow organs, composes glands, lacks
blood vessels, cells readily divide, and cells are tightly packed; they function in
protection, secretion, absorption, excretion, and sensory
reception.
