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NUR-315 Patho Final University of Miami – Presti newest final exam (111 questions) with precise accurate solutions

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NUR-315 Patho Final University of Miami – Presti newest final exam (111 questions) with precise accurate solutions

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NUR-315 Patho Final University of Miami –
Presti newest final exam with precise
accurate solutions

Cystic Fibrosis Patho- Correct answer(s) ✔✔Mutation in gene CFTR on chromosome 7
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




Chloride channels are affected by the mutation in the gene - specifically, in the case of the
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




lungs, chloride cannot be secreted across the epithelium into the lung tissue to moisten
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




them


Since the chloride is unable to be secreted the sodium is not secreted and neither in water,
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




causing thick secretions in the lungs |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




Tay Sachs Patho- Correct answer(s) ✔✔Accumulation of glycolipids in the brain neuron and
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




retina due to failure of lysosome function . The Lysosome usually breaks down fatty waste
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




substances in the brain cells, its failure results in toxicity. |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




Progressive destruction of neurons in brain, spinal cords, ANS leading to mental retardation |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




and motor problems |||||| |||||| ||||||




Normal at birth - sx within 6 to 10 months |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




No tx, death is inevitable
|||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




Autosomal Dominant pattern- Correct answer(s) ✔✔With a normal gene and a dominant |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




gene - offspring has 50% chance of inheriting parent's dominant mutant gene
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1 Homozygous Dominant parent = 100% chance kids get it
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||

,1 Heterozygous Dominant parent = 50% chance kids get it
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




2 Heterozygous Dominant Parents = 75% Chance Kids get it
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




Hyponatremia S/S- Correct answer(s) ✔✔Malaise, muscle cramps |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




Apprehension, anxiety |||||| ||||||




Abdominal cramps |||||| ||||||




N/V/D
Headache ||||||




Confusion and lethargy |||||| |||||| ||||||




Convulsion and coma |||||| ||||||




Hypernatremia S/S- Correct answer(s) ✔✔Thirst |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




Dry MM |||||| ||||||




Rapid, thready pulse
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Hypotension ||||||




Oliguria ||||||




Confusion and lethargy |||||| |||||| ||||||




Muscle weakness, twitching |||||| |||||| ||||||




Convulsions, coma ||||||




Hypokalemia S/S- Correct answer(s) ✔✔Muscle weakness with leg cramps |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




Fatigue ||||||




Anorexia with N/V |||||| |||||| ||||||




Decreased bowel sounds |||||| |||||| ||||||




Cardiac arrhythmias ||||||




Hyperkalemia S/S- Correct answer(s) ✔✔Generalized muscle weakness |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||

,Respiratory muscle weakness |||||| |||||| ||||||




Paresthesia's ||||||




Cardiac arrhythmias - asystole |||||| |||||| ||||||




Hypocalcemia S/S- Correct answer(s) ✔✔Tetany |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




Trousseau sing - BP cuff |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




Chvostek sign - facial |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




Laryngeal stridor |||||| ||||||




Impaired clotting |||||| ||||||




Hypotension, cardiac arrest |||||| |||||| ||||||




Prolonged ST/ QT |||||| ||||||




Hypercalcemia S/S- Correct answer(s) ✔✔Decreased LOC |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




Renal calculi |||||| ||||||




Bone pain, fx|||||| ||||||




Calcifications ||||||




Band keratopathy
|||||| ||||||




Shortened ST segments, AV blocks |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




Hypomagnesemia S/S- Correct answer(s) ✔✔Decreased LOC |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




Hyperreflexia ||||||




Dysrhythmias ||||||




Similar to hypocalcemia |||||| |||||| ||||||




Flat or inverted T waves
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




Prolonged QT ||||||




Hypermagnesemia S/S- Correct answer(s) ✔✔Bradycardia |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||

, Decreased LOC |||||| ||||||




Decreased respirations |||||| ||||||




Hyporreflexia ||||||




Peaked T waves |||||| ||||||




Normal pH- Correct answer(s) ✔✔7.35 - 7.45, less than 7.35 acidic, greater than 7.45
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




alkalotic


Normal PaCO2- Correct answer(s) ✔✔35 - 45, less than 35 alkalotic, greater than 45 acidic
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




Normal HCO3- Correct answer(s) ✔✔21 - 28, less than 21 acidic, greater than 28 alkalotic
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




ADH is a mechanism for what? & How does it work?- Correct answer(s) ✔✔This is a
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




mechanism for normal water retention. |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




1. Osmoreceptors in hypothalamus sense increase in osmolality
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




2. Posterior pituitary releases ADH
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3. ADH increases renal absorption of H2O (will dilute Na level) - BP increases
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4. Osmolality returns to normal
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Autonomic Dyssreflexia S/S- Correct answer(s) ✔✔Hypertension |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




Pounding HA, blurred vision |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




Sweating, flushed skin |||||| |||||| ||||||




Bradycardia ||||||




Can have one or many sx
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




Most common causes - distended bladder or rectum
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||

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