,Gordis Epidemiology 6th Edition Celentano Test Bank g g g g g g
Chapter 01: Introduction g g
Celentano: Gordis Epidemiology, 6th Edition g g g g
g Test Bank g
MULTIPLE CHOICE g
1. Which of the following is an example of tertiary prevention?
g g g g g g g g g
a. Vaccination for rotavirus for children younger than the age of 1 year g g g g g g g g g g g
b. Surgical amputation of an extremity with osteosarcoma (bone cancer)
g g g g g g g g
c. Screening for gestational diabetes after 24 weeks of pregnancy
g g g g g g g g
d. Sexual education program in elementary schools
g g g g g
e. Increasing taxes for buying cigarettes g g g g
ANS: B
g g
Surgical amputation of an extremity with osteosarcoma (bone cancer) is an example in which
g g g g g g g g g g g g g
when a disease is present the treatment (amputation) is done to reduce the impact of disease
g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g
by preventing the tumor from dissemination. Vaccination for rotavirus for children younger
g g g g g g g g g g g g
than the age of 1 year, sexual education program in elementary schools, and increasing taxes
g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g
for buying cigarettes represent examples of primary prevention. Screening for gestational
g g g g g g g g g g g
diabetes after 24 weeks of pregnancy is an example of secondary prevention.
g g g g g g g g g g g g
2. This historic character obs ervedNtU
g h aRt S
chIilN
dbGeT
dB
fe.
veCrO
mMortalit y was more common among
g g g g g g g g g
women treated by physicians and medical students compared with women treated by
g g g g g g g g g g g g
midwives. Based on his observations, he implemented a hand wash policy that resulted in a
g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g
decrease in mortality. Name the character that we are talking about.
g g g g g g g g g g g
a. John Snow g
b. Edward Jenner g
c. D.A. Henderson g
d. Leon Gordis g
e. Ignaz Semmelweis g
ANS: E
g g
Ignaz Semmelweis identified that medical students and physicians transmitted the disease by
g g g g g g g g g g g
gnot washing their hands after examining bodies at autopsies and conducting multiple
g g g g g g g g g g g
gexaminations in the clinic. g g g
3. Thanks to the contributions of Edward Jenner, the following disease was eradicated later
g g g g g g g g g g g g
by efforts organized by D.A. Henderson:
g g g g g g
a. Cholera
b. Smallpox
c. Chickenpox
d. Polio
e. Zika
,ANS: B g
Smallpox was eradicated in 1980. Edward Jenner vaccinated James Phipps in 1796 against
g g g g g g g g g g g g
smallpox. Almost 200 years later, the World Health Organization (WHO) commissioned
g g g g g g g g g g g
D.A. Henderson to lead the efforts to eradicate the disease.
g g g g g g g g g
4. Over the past century, a marked decline in the mortality rates of many infectious diseases
g g g g g g g g g g g g g g
has been observed. Which of the following is the most likely reason for the observed decline
g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g
in mortality rates from common infectious diseases?
g g g g g g g
a. Development of penicillin g g
b. Development of insulin g g
c. Development of vaccines g g
d. Improvement in social conditions g g g
e. Worse sanitation and unsafe water
g g g g
ANS: D
g g
Although medical treatments potentially helped in the decrease of infectious diseases, the
g g g g g g g g g g g
advancement in social conditions played a major role. These improvements include better
g g g g g g g g g g g g
sanitation, safe disposal of waste, better nutrition, and improvement in housing conditions.
g g g g g g g g g g g g
, Chapter 02: The Dynamics of Disease Transmission g g g g g g
Celentano: Gordis Epidemiology, 6th Edition g g g g
g MULTIPLE CHOICE g
1. Which term most accurately describes the following definition? “The occurrence in a
g g g g g g g g g g g
community or region of cases of an illness, specific health-related behavior, or other health-
g g g g g g g g g g g g g g
related events clearly in excess of normal expectancy.” [Porta M, ed. A Dictionary of
g g g g g g g g g g g g g
gEpidemiology. New York: Oxford University Press; 2014.] g g g g g g
a. Endemic
b. Epidemic
c. Pandemic
d. Attack rate g
e. Incubation period g
ANS: B
g g
An epidemic is the occurrence of health-related events in a community or region, in clear
g g g g g g g g g g g g g g
excess of normal expectation. Endemic is not true because it is defined as the constant
g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g
occurrence of a disease, disorder, or noxious infectious agent in a geographic area or
g g g g g g g g g g g g g g
population group. Pandemic is not true because it is defined as an epidemic occurring over a
NalRbS
IoGu B
nN.C
g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g
very wide area, crossing internationU
g g d a rTi e s , andOusually affecting a large number of
g g
g
g
g g g
g g g g g g
people. Attack rate is not true because it is defined as number of people at risk in whom a
g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g
certain illness develops over total number of people at risk. Incubation period is not true
g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g
because it is the interval from receipt of infection to the time of onset of clinical illness (the
g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g
onset of recognizable symptoms).
g g g g
2. What is the most accurate definition of the incubation period (of an infectious disease)?
g g g g g g g g g g g g g
a. The time of onset of clinical illness or the onset of recognizable symptoms
g g g g g g g g g g g g
b. The interval from receipt of infection to the time of onset of clinical illness (the onset of
g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g
recognizable symptoms)
g g
c. The time of invasion by an infectious agent
g g g g g g g
d. The time between initiation of infection and first shedding or excretion of the agent
g g g g g g g g g g g g g
e. The period between exposure and the onset of infectiousness
g g g g g g g g
ANS: B
g g
The incubation period is defined as the interval from receipt of infection to the time of onset
g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g
of clinical illness (the onset of recognizable symptoms); in other words, the time between the
g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g
moment of developing symptoms and the moment of invasion by an infectious agent. “The
g g g g g g g g g g g g g g
time of onset of clinical illness or the onset of recognizable symptoms” is not true as it
g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g
corresponds to “time of onset.” “The time of invasion by an infectious agent” is not true as it
g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g
corresponds to “time of infection.” “The time between initiation of infection and first
g g g g g g g g g g g g g
shedding or excretion of the agent” and “The period between exposure and the onset of
g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g
infectiousness” are not true as they correspond to the latent period. (The latent period is
g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g
Chapter 01: Introduction g g
Celentano: Gordis Epidemiology, 6th Edition g g g g
g Test Bank g
MULTIPLE CHOICE g
1. Which of the following is an example of tertiary prevention?
g g g g g g g g g
a. Vaccination for rotavirus for children younger than the age of 1 year g g g g g g g g g g g
b. Surgical amputation of an extremity with osteosarcoma (bone cancer)
g g g g g g g g
c. Screening for gestational diabetes after 24 weeks of pregnancy
g g g g g g g g
d. Sexual education program in elementary schools
g g g g g
e. Increasing taxes for buying cigarettes g g g g
ANS: B
g g
Surgical amputation of an extremity with osteosarcoma (bone cancer) is an example in which
g g g g g g g g g g g g g
when a disease is present the treatment (amputation) is done to reduce the impact of disease
g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g
by preventing the tumor from dissemination. Vaccination for rotavirus for children younger
g g g g g g g g g g g g
than the age of 1 year, sexual education program in elementary schools, and increasing taxes
g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g
for buying cigarettes represent examples of primary prevention. Screening for gestational
g g g g g g g g g g g
diabetes after 24 weeks of pregnancy is an example of secondary prevention.
g g g g g g g g g g g g
2. This historic character obs ervedNtU
g h aRt S
chIilN
dbGeT
dB
fe.
veCrO
mMortalit y was more common among
g g g g g g g g g
women treated by physicians and medical students compared with women treated by
g g g g g g g g g g g g
midwives. Based on his observations, he implemented a hand wash policy that resulted in a
g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g
decrease in mortality. Name the character that we are talking about.
g g g g g g g g g g g
a. John Snow g
b. Edward Jenner g
c. D.A. Henderson g
d. Leon Gordis g
e. Ignaz Semmelweis g
ANS: E
g g
Ignaz Semmelweis identified that medical students and physicians transmitted the disease by
g g g g g g g g g g g
gnot washing their hands after examining bodies at autopsies and conducting multiple
g g g g g g g g g g g
gexaminations in the clinic. g g g
3. Thanks to the contributions of Edward Jenner, the following disease was eradicated later
g g g g g g g g g g g g
by efforts organized by D.A. Henderson:
g g g g g g
a. Cholera
b. Smallpox
c. Chickenpox
d. Polio
e. Zika
,ANS: B g
Smallpox was eradicated in 1980. Edward Jenner vaccinated James Phipps in 1796 against
g g g g g g g g g g g g
smallpox. Almost 200 years later, the World Health Organization (WHO) commissioned
g g g g g g g g g g g
D.A. Henderson to lead the efforts to eradicate the disease.
g g g g g g g g g
4. Over the past century, a marked decline in the mortality rates of many infectious diseases
g g g g g g g g g g g g g g
has been observed. Which of the following is the most likely reason for the observed decline
g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g
in mortality rates from common infectious diseases?
g g g g g g g
a. Development of penicillin g g
b. Development of insulin g g
c. Development of vaccines g g
d. Improvement in social conditions g g g
e. Worse sanitation and unsafe water
g g g g
ANS: D
g g
Although medical treatments potentially helped in the decrease of infectious diseases, the
g g g g g g g g g g g
advancement in social conditions played a major role. These improvements include better
g g g g g g g g g g g g
sanitation, safe disposal of waste, better nutrition, and improvement in housing conditions.
g g g g g g g g g g g g
, Chapter 02: The Dynamics of Disease Transmission g g g g g g
Celentano: Gordis Epidemiology, 6th Edition g g g g
g MULTIPLE CHOICE g
1. Which term most accurately describes the following definition? “The occurrence in a
g g g g g g g g g g g
community or region of cases of an illness, specific health-related behavior, or other health-
g g g g g g g g g g g g g g
related events clearly in excess of normal expectancy.” [Porta M, ed. A Dictionary of
g g g g g g g g g g g g g
gEpidemiology. New York: Oxford University Press; 2014.] g g g g g g
a. Endemic
b. Epidemic
c. Pandemic
d. Attack rate g
e. Incubation period g
ANS: B
g g
An epidemic is the occurrence of health-related events in a community or region, in clear
g g g g g g g g g g g g g g
excess of normal expectation. Endemic is not true because it is defined as the constant
g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g
occurrence of a disease, disorder, or noxious infectious agent in a geographic area or
g g g g g g g g g g g g g g
population group. Pandemic is not true because it is defined as an epidemic occurring over a
NalRbS
IoGu B
nN.C
g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g
very wide area, crossing internationU
g g d a rTi e s , andOusually affecting a large number of
g g
g
g
g g g
g g g g g g
people. Attack rate is not true because it is defined as number of people at risk in whom a
g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g
certain illness develops over total number of people at risk. Incubation period is not true
g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g
because it is the interval from receipt of infection to the time of onset of clinical illness (the
g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g
onset of recognizable symptoms).
g g g g
2. What is the most accurate definition of the incubation period (of an infectious disease)?
g g g g g g g g g g g g g
a. The time of onset of clinical illness or the onset of recognizable symptoms
g g g g g g g g g g g g
b. The interval from receipt of infection to the time of onset of clinical illness (the onset of
g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g
recognizable symptoms)
g g
c. The time of invasion by an infectious agent
g g g g g g g
d. The time between initiation of infection and first shedding or excretion of the agent
g g g g g g g g g g g g g
e. The period between exposure and the onset of infectiousness
g g g g g g g g
ANS: B
g g
The incubation period is defined as the interval from receipt of infection to the time of onset
g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g
of clinical illness (the onset of recognizable symptoms); in other words, the time between the
g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g
moment of developing symptoms and the moment of invasion by an infectious agent. “The
g g g g g g g g g g g g g g
time of onset of clinical illness or the onset of recognizable symptoms” is not true as it
g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g
corresponds to “time of onset.” “The time of invasion by an infectious agent” is not true as it
g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g
corresponds to “time of infection.” “The time between initiation of infection and first
g g g g g g g g g g g g g
shedding or excretion of the agent” and “The period between exposure and the onset of
g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g
infectiousness” are not true as they correspond to the latent period. (The latent period is
g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g
