BCH210 Final Exam || all solved.
How does complexity arise in BCH correct answers Glycosylation of membrane proteins and
lipids
Protein glycosylation function correct answers Folding
Cellular recognition
Where are carbohydrates found correct answers Peptidoglycan layer of the bacterial cell wall
Antibiotics
Agarose for DNA gels
Agar for microbial plates
Lectins correct answers Proteins that bind and recognize sugars
Simples carbohydrates correct answers Monosaccharides
Formula of monosaccharides correct answers (C H2O)n
Types of monosaccharides correct answers Aldose and ketose
Simplest monosaccharides correct answers Aldotrioses
Ketotrioses
How are aldoses numbered correct answers Relative to the aldehyde (C1)
How are ketoses numbered correct answers Relative to the ketone end
,ketone group carbon number in a ketose correct answers C2
How many possible linear stereoisomers of a carbohydrate correct answers 2^x
X is the number of asymmetric carbons
How is L and D assigned to a carbohydrate correct answers Depends on the asymmetric carbon
furthest from the carbonyl
Which sugar stereoisomer is biologically important correct answers D-sugars
Where is the OH in a D-sugar correct answers On the right
Why do sugars cyclize correct answers Aldehydes, ketones, and hydroxyl groups are very
reactive
How do sugars cyclize correct answers Nucleophilic attack of aldehydes/ketones by hydroxyl
groups
5 member carbohydrate ring correct answers Furan
6 member carbohydrate ring correct answers Pyran
Types of bonds formed in carbohydrate cyclization correct answers Hemiacetal
Hemiketal
Hemiacetal correct answers Formed from aldehyde
Reversible in solution
,Hemiketal correct answers Formed from ketone
Reversible in solution
Reactions in sugars correct answers Intramolecular: lead to stable ring formation
Intermolecular: join sugars to other molecules
Hayworth projection correct answers Flattened rings with hydroxyls pointing above or below the
plane
How is a Hemiacetal formed correct answers O from alcohol attacks C in aldehyde
C=O in the aldehyde becomes a single bond
Outcome of cyclization correct answers Alpha anomer or beta anomer
Where is the hydroxyl in the alpha anomer correct answers Axial
Where is the hydroxyl in the beta anomer correct answers Equatorial position
Main sugar in honey correct answers Fructose
Carbohydrates in honey correct answers Fructose
glucose
sucrose
water
Trace amounts of other molecules
, Ring formed by fructose correct answers Furan ring in nature
Can also form a pyran ring
Effect of heating sugars correct answers Changes in structure/properties (sweetness)
Effects of cyclization correct answers Forms a new chiral carbon
How can chirality be detected correct answers Mutarotation
What is mutarotation correct answers Change in optical rotation of polarized light
Due to the interconversion between alpha and beta anomers
Isomers correct answers Same molecular formula, different structure
Constitutional isomer correct answers Different order of functional group bonding
Types of stereoisomers correct answers Enantiomers
Diastereomers
Stereoisomers correct answers Same formula
Same order
Different spatial arrangement
Enantiomers correct answers non-superimposable mirror images
Diastereomers correct answers Not mirror images
How does complexity arise in BCH correct answers Glycosylation of membrane proteins and
lipids
Protein glycosylation function correct answers Folding
Cellular recognition
Where are carbohydrates found correct answers Peptidoglycan layer of the bacterial cell wall
Antibiotics
Agarose for DNA gels
Agar for microbial plates
Lectins correct answers Proteins that bind and recognize sugars
Simples carbohydrates correct answers Monosaccharides
Formula of monosaccharides correct answers (C H2O)n
Types of monosaccharides correct answers Aldose and ketose
Simplest monosaccharides correct answers Aldotrioses
Ketotrioses
How are aldoses numbered correct answers Relative to the aldehyde (C1)
How are ketoses numbered correct answers Relative to the ketone end
,ketone group carbon number in a ketose correct answers C2
How many possible linear stereoisomers of a carbohydrate correct answers 2^x
X is the number of asymmetric carbons
How is L and D assigned to a carbohydrate correct answers Depends on the asymmetric carbon
furthest from the carbonyl
Which sugar stereoisomer is biologically important correct answers D-sugars
Where is the OH in a D-sugar correct answers On the right
Why do sugars cyclize correct answers Aldehydes, ketones, and hydroxyl groups are very
reactive
How do sugars cyclize correct answers Nucleophilic attack of aldehydes/ketones by hydroxyl
groups
5 member carbohydrate ring correct answers Furan
6 member carbohydrate ring correct answers Pyran
Types of bonds formed in carbohydrate cyclization correct answers Hemiacetal
Hemiketal
Hemiacetal correct answers Formed from aldehyde
Reversible in solution
,Hemiketal correct answers Formed from ketone
Reversible in solution
Reactions in sugars correct answers Intramolecular: lead to stable ring formation
Intermolecular: join sugars to other molecules
Hayworth projection correct answers Flattened rings with hydroxyls pointing above or below the
plane
How is a Hemiacetal formed correct answers O from alcohol attacks C in aldehyde
C=O in the aldehyde becomes a single bond
Outcome of cyclization correct answers Alpha anomer or beta anomer
Where is the hydroxyl in the alpha anomer correct answers Axial
Where is the hydroxyl in the beta anomer correct answers Equatorial position
Main sugar in honey correct answers Fructose
Carbohydrates in honey correct answers Fructose
glucose
sucrose
water
Trace amounts of other molecules
, Ring formed by fructose correct answers Furan ring in nature
Can also form a pyran ring
Effect of heating sugars correct answers Changes in structure/properties (sweetness)
Effects of cyclization correct answers Forms a new chiral carbon
How can chirality be detected correct answers Mutarotation
What is mutarotation correct answers Change in optical rotation of polarized light
Due to the interconversion between alpha and beta anomers
Isomers correct answers Same molecular formula, different structure
Constitutional isomer correct answers Different order of functional group bonding
Types of stereoisomers correct answers Enantiomers
Diastereomers
Stereoisomers correct answers Same formula
Same order
Different spatial arrangement
Enantiomers correct answers non-superimposable mirror images
Diastereomers correct answers Not mirror images
