1
NUR 206
NUR 206/ NUR206 Exam 3 Fluid and Electrolytes
(2025/ 2026 Update) | Questions & Answers| Grade
A| 100% Correct (Verified Solutions)
1. What is the primary cation AND anion within the
ICF(intracellular fluid): -primary cation is K+ (some Mg2+ and
Na+)
-primary anion is PO3- 4 (some HCO3- and proteins)
2. What is the primary cation and anion within the ECF
(extracellular fluid): -
-primary cation is Na+ (with some K, Ca, Mg)
-primary anion is Cl- (with some HCO3- and PO3- 4)
3. Normal bicarbonate (HCO3-) value: 22-26 meq/L
4. Normal chloride Cl- value: 98-106 meq/L
5. Normal phosphate PO3- 4 value: 3.0-4.5 mg/dl
6. Normal calcium total Ca+ levels: 9.0-10.5 mg/dl
6. Normal calcium ionized Ca+ levels: 4.5-5.6 mg/dl
NUR 206
,7. Normal magnesium Mg+ levels: 1.3-2.1 meq/L
8. Normal potassium K levels: 3.5-5.0 meq/L
9. Normal sodium Na+ levels: 136-145 meq/L
10. Normal BUN levels: 10-20 mg/dl
11. What is diffusion: The movement of particles from an area of high
concentration to an area of low concentration.
Ex: simple, facilitates, active transport, osmosis, hydrostatic and
oncotic pressure
12. What is simple diffusion: -no energy
-high to low
-stops when it's equal
13. What is facilitated diffusion: -carrier protein combined with a
molecule and helps move the molecule across the membrane from
light to low
-no energy , "passive"
-ex: glucose into cell
-binds with a friend to help cross because it's too big
,14. What is active transport: -molecules move against the
concentration gradient -low to high
-uses
energy
(ATP) ex:
na/k pump
15. What is osmosis: -movement of water from low to high
concentration
-semipermeable membrane
-no energy
-stops when levels are equal
16. What is osmolarity: measure of the total milliosmoles of solution
concentration of moles per VOLUME of solution
17. What is osmolality: -measures the number of milliosmoles per KG
of water concentration of molecules per weight of water preferred
method
Used for plasma, urine, body fluid
, 18. What is the normal plasma osmolality: 280-295 mosm/kg
-if its above 295, its too concentrated = not a lot of water
-if its below 280 it means there's too much water
19. Hyper, iso, hypo tonic: -hypertonic: cell shrinks, concentration is
greater outside of the cell
-isotonic: cell is the same, equal concentration
-hypotonic: concentration is greater in the cell, cell bursts
29 what is hydrostatic pressure: -the force of fluid in a compartment
pushing against a cell membrane or vessel wall
-hydrostatic pressure is BP generated by the heart's contraction
-hydrostatic pressure is the force that mushed water OUT of the
vascular system into the interstitial space
-decreases as blood flows thru the arteries - decreases until it gets to
the capillary beds at 30mm Hg
30. If you cut an artery v vein - what happens: -if you cut an artery
the blood will spew out at the same rate as heart rate. Arteries have
NUR 206
NUR 206/ NUR206 Exam 3 Fluid and Electrolytes
(2025/ 2026 Update) | Questions & Answers| Grade
A| 100% Correct (Verified Solutions)
1. What is the primary cation AND anion within the
ICF(intracellular fluid): -primary cation is K+ (some Mg2+ and
Na+)
-primary anion is PO3- 4 (some HCO3- and proteins)
2. What is the primary cation and anion within the ECF
(extracellular fluid): -
-primary cation is Na+ (with some K, Ca, Mg)
-primary anion is Cl- (with some HCO3- and PO3- 4)
3. Normal bicarbonate (HCO3-) value: 22-26 meq/L
4. Normal chloride Cl- value: 98-106 meq/L
5. Normal phosphate PO3- 4 value: 3.0-4.5 mg/dl
6. Normal calcium total Ca+ levels: 9.0-10.5 mg/dl
6. Normal calcium ionized Ca+ levels: 4.5-5.6 mg/dl
NUR 206
,7. Normal magnesium Mg+ levels: 1.3-2.1 meq/L
8. Normal potassium K levels: 3.5-5.0 meq/L
9. Normal sodium Na+ levels: 136-145 meq/L
10. Normal BUN levels: 10-20 mg/dl
11. What is diffusion: The movement of particles from an area of high
concentration to an area of low concentration.
Ex: simple, facilitates, active transport, osmosis, hydrostatic and
oncotic pressure
12. What is simple diffusion: -no energy
-high to low
-stops when it's equal
13. What is facilitated diffusion: -carrier protein combined with a
molecule and helps move the molecule across the membrane from
light to low
-no energy , "passive"
-ex: glucose into cell
-binds with a friend to help cross because it's too big
,14. What is active transport: -molecules move against the
concentration gradient -low to high
-uses
energy
(ATP) ex:
na/k pump
15. What is osmosis: -movement of water from low to high
concentration
-semipermeable membrane
-no energy
-stops when levels are equal
16. What is osmolarity: measure of the total milliosmoles of solution
concentration of moles per VOLUME of solution
17. What is osmolality: -measures the number of milliosmoles per KG
of water concentration of molecules per weight of water preferred
method
Used for plasma, urine, body fluid
, 18. What is the normal plasma osmolality: 280-295 mosm/kg
-if its above 295, its too concentrated = not a lot of water
-if its below 280 it means there's too much water
19. Hyper, iso, hypo tonic: -hypertonic: cell shrinks, concentration is
greater outside of the cell
-isotonic: cell is the same, equal concentration
-hypotonic: concentration is greater in the cell, cell bursts
29 what is hydrostatic pressure: -the force of fluid in a compartment
pushing against a cell membrane or vessel wall
-hydrostatic pressure is BP generated by the heart's contraction
-hydrostatic pressure is the force that mushed water OUT of the
vascular system into the interstitial space
-decreases as blood flows thru the arteries - decreases until it gets to
the capillary beds at 30mm Hg
30. If you cut an artery v vein - what happens: -if you cut an artery
the blood will spew out at the same rate as heart rate. Arteries have
