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Counseling Children.

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Counseling Children.Counseling Children.Counseling Children.Counseling Children.Counseling Children.Counseling Children.Counseling Children.Counseling Children.Counseling Children.

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Counseling Children & Adolescents
Final Exam Questions & Correct
Answers


Erikson's llPsychosocial llStages 1. llTrust llvs. llMistrust ll(birth-1 llyear)

2. llAutonomy llvs. llShame lland llDoubt ll(2-3 llyears)

3. llInitiative llvs. llGuilt ll(3-5years)

4. llCompetence llvs. llInferiority ll(6 llyears llto llpuberty)

5. llIdentity llvs. llRole llConfusion

Trust llvs. llMistrust If llbasic llneeds llare llmet, llinfant lldevelops lla llsense llof llbasic lltrust llin llthe llworld.
llChildren llwho llare llneglected llor llmistreated llmay lldevelop lla llbasic llsense llthat llthey llcannot lltrust llpeople

llto llkeep llthem llsafe llor llmeet llother llbasic llneeds.



Autonomy llvs. llShame lland llDoubt Toddler llstrives llto lllearn llindependence lland llself-confidence. llIf
llchildren llare llcriticized llrather llthan llencouraged llin lltheir llefforts llto llbe llindependent, llthey llmay lldevelop lla

llsense llof lldoubt llabout lltheir llabilities.



Initiative llvs. llGuilt Preschooler lllearns llto llinitiate lltasks lland llgrapples llwith llself- llcontrol. llChildren
llwho llstruggled llwith lldemonstrating llpersonal llpower llduring llthis llphase llmay llenter llmiddle llchildhood

llappearing llshy lland llwithdrawn lland llmay llneed llcoaching llfrom lladults llin llorder llto lldisplay lltheir llabilities.



Competency llvs. llInferiority Child llleans lleither llto llfeel lleffective llor llinadequate. llIf llchild lldoesn't
lldevelop llappropriately llthey llmay llsee lltimid, llprocrastinate lloften, llan llobserver, lland llquestions llown

llability.



Identity llvs. llRole llConfusion Teenagers llwork llat lldeveloping lla llsense llof llself llby lltesting llroles, llthen
llintegrating llthem llto llform lla llsingle llidentity. llSomeone llwho llstruggles llwith llthis llmay llhave lldoubts llabout

llsex llrole, lloverly llhostile llto llauthority, lland lltends llto llbe llself-rejection



Piaget's llStages llof llCognitive llDevelopment 1. llSensorimotor ll(0-2 llyears)

2. llPreoperational ll(2-7 llyears)

3. llConcrete llOperational ll(7-11 llyears)

4. llFormal llOperational ll(11+ llyears)

, Sensorimotor llstage (0-2 llyears) llBabies lltake llin llsensory llinformation lland llact llon llit llwith llminimal
llamount llof lladditional llprocessing. llThey llalso lldevelop llobject llpermanence.



Preoperational llStage (2-7 llyears) llA llchild lllearns llto lluse lllanguage llbut lldoes llnot llyet llcomprehend llthe
llmental lloperations llof llconcrete lllogic. llStage llwhere llmagical llthinking lland llimagination llplay llare llmost

llnotable. llChildren llin llthis llstage lloften llblame llthemselves llfor llevents llthat llare llnot llunder lltheir llcontrol.



Concrete llOperational llStage (7-11 llyears) llChildren llmaster lloperations/skills llthat llare llused llto llsolve
llproblems lland llmake llpredictions llabout llwhat llmay llhappen llin llconcrete llsituations llwhich llthey llhave

llexperienced llor lldeveloped llduring llchildhood



Formal llOperational llStage (11+ llyears) llAdolescents llbegin llto llhypothesize lltheir llown lltheories lland
lltest llthem llout llto llform llconcrete llanswers. llAs lltheir llexperiences lland lltesting llcontinues, lltheir llthinking

llbecomes llmore llcomplex lland llabstract.



Kohlberg's llstages llof llmoral lldevelopment preconventional, llconventional, llpostconventional

Preconventional llMorality First lllevel llof llKohlberg's llstages llof llmoral lldevelopment llin llwhich llthe
llchild's llbehavior llis llgoverned llby llthe llconsequences llof llthe llbehavior



Conventional llMorality Second lllevel llof llKohlberg's llstages llof llmoral lldevelopment llin llwhich llthe llchild's
llbehavior llis llgoverned llby llconforming llto llthe llsociety's llnorms llof llbehavior



Postconventional llMorality Third lllevel llof llKohlberg's llstages llof llmoral lldevelopment llin llwhich llthe
llperson's llbehavior llis llgoverned llby llmoral llprinciples llthat llhave llbeen lldecided llon llby llthe llindividual lland

llthat llmay llbe llin lldisagreement llwith llaccepted llsocial llnorms



Therapist's llstrategies -Empathy

-Positive llregard

-Self lldisclosure

-Play lltherapy

-Role llplaying

- llStructured llexercise ll

-Active lllistening ll(ARRCC)

-Systematic llproblem-solving llmodel

How llto llwork llwith llfamily: -Identify lland llbuild llon llfamilies llstrengths ll

- llApproach llindividual llproblems llwith lla llfamily llcentered llperspective ll

-Be llflexible llin llyour llprovision llof llservce

- llFoster llcollaboration

Key llEthical llPrinciples -Respect llfor llautonomy: llpeople llhave llthe llright llto llmake lltheir llown llchoice

-Beneficence: llbenefit llof llthe llclient

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