TESTBANK
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
TheBiologic Basis ForDiseaseInAdults
i# i#
And Children
i# i#
8THEDITIONBYKATHRYNL.
MCCANCE
,McCance:Pathophysiology:TheBiologicBasisforDiseaseinAdultsandChildren(8thEdition)TESTBANK
t t
CONTENTS:
Chapter i#01:Cellular i#Biology
Chapteri#02:AlteredtCellularandTissuei#Biology:Environmentali#Agents
Chapteri#03:The i#Cellulari#Environment: i#Fluidsand i#Electrolytes, i#Acidstand i#Bases
Chapteri#04:Genesandi#Genetici#Diseases
Chapter05:Genes,Environment-Lifestyle,andtCommontDiseases
Chapteri#06:EpigeneticsandtDisease
Chapter07:InnatetImmunity: i# Inflammationand i# WoundtHealing
Chapter i#08:Adaptive i#Immunity
Chapteri#09:AlterationsinImmunityandtInflammation
Chapteri#10:Infection
Chapter i#11:Stresstand i#Disease
Chapter i#12:Cancer i#Biology
Chapter i#13:Cancer i#Epidemiology
Chapteri#14:i#Canceri#ini#Children
Chapter i#15:Structuretand i#FunctiontofthetNeurologictSystem
Chapter i#16:Pain, i#Temperature i#Regulation, i#Sleep,and i#SensoryFunction
Chapter i#17:AlterationsintCognitivetSystems, i#CerebraltHemodynamics,andMotorFunction
Chapter i#18:Disorderstofthe i# CentralandtPeripheral i#NervousSystemstandthe i#Neuromuscular i#Junction
Chapteri#19:NeurobiologyofSchizophrenia,i#MoodtDisorders,andtAnxietyDisorders
Chapteri#20:AlterationsofNeurologici#FunctiontinChildren
Chapteri#21:MechanismsofHormonal i#Regulation
Chapteri#22:AlterationsofHormonal i#Regulation
Chapteri#23:Obesityandi#DisordersofNutrition
Chapter i#24:Structuretand i#FunctiontofthetReproductive i#Systems
Chapteri#25:Alterationsofthei#FemaletReproductivei#System
Chapteri#26:Alterationsofthe i#MaleReproductivetSystem
Chapteri#27:SexuallyTransmittedi#Infections
Chapteri#28:StructuretandtFunctionofthei#HematologictSystem
Chapter i#29:AlterationsofErythrocytes, i#Platelets, i#and i#Hemostatic i#Function
Chapteri#30:AlterationsofLeukocyteandtLymphoid i#Function
Chapteri#31:AlterationsofHematologici#Functiontini#Children
Chapter i#32:StructuretandtFunctionofthe i#Cardiovascularand i#Lymphatic i#Systems
Chapteri#33:AlterationsofCardiovasculari#Function
Chapteri#34:AlterationsofCardiovascular i#FunctionintChildren
Chapter i#35:Structuretand i#FunctiontofthetPulmonarySystem
Chapteri#36:AlterationsofPulmonaryFunction
Chapteri#37:i#AlterationsofPulmonaryFunctiontini#Children
Chapter i#38:Structuretand i#FunctiontofthetRenaltand i#UrologictSystems
Chapteri#39:i#AlterationsofRenalandi#UrinaryTracti#Function
Chapter i#40: i#AlterationsofRenaltand i#UrinaryTract i#Functiontin i#Children
Chapter i#41:Structuretand i#FunctiontofthetDigestivetSystem
Chapteri#42:AlterationsofDigestive i#Function
Chapter i#43:AlterationsofDigestivetFunctionin i#Children
Chapteri#44:StructuretandtFunctionofthei#MusculoskeletaltSystem
Chapteri#45:AlterationsofMusculoskeletali#Function
Chapteri#46:AlterationsofMusculoskeletali#FunctionintChildren
Chapteri#47:Structure,i#Function,i#andi#Disordersofthei#Integument
Chapteri#48:i#Alterationsofthei#IntegumentintChildren
Chapter i#49:Shock, i#MultipletOrgantDysfunctiontSyndrome, i#andtBurnsintAdults
Chapteri#50:Shock,MultipletOrgantDysfunctiontSyndrome,andtBurnsintChildren
, McCance:Pathophysiology:TheBiologicBasisforDiseaseinAdultsandChildren(8thEdition)TESTBANK
t t t
Part 1:i#CENTRALCONCEPTSOFPATHOPHYSIOLOGY:CELLSANDTISSUES i#Uniti#I:
t
i#THECELL
CHAPTER 01:i#CELLULARBIOLOGY
t
MULTIPLECHOICE
1. Whichstatementbestdescribesthe cellularfunction ofmetabolicabsorption?
t t
a. Cellscanproduceproteins.
b. Cellscansecretei#digestive enzymes. t
c. Cellsi#cani#takeinanduse nutrients. t
d. Cellscansynthesizefats.
ANS: i#C
Ini#metabolicabsorption,i#allcellstake inand use nutrients andothersubstancesfrom theirsurrounding
t t t t t
i#s.Theremaining options arenotinclusivein theirdescriptions ofcellularmetabolicabsorption.
t t t t
PTS: i # 1 DIF: CognitiveLevel:Remembering
2. Whereis mostofa cell’s i#geneticinformation, i#includingRNAand i#DNA, i#contained?
t t
a. Mitochondria
b. Ribosome
c. Nucleolus
d. Lysosome
ANS: i#C
The nucleuscontainsthenucleolus, asmalldensestructurecomposed largelyofRNA,mostofthe cell
t t t t
i # i # ularDNA,i#andthei#DNA-
binding proteins,i#suchi#as thei#histones,i#whichregulateits activity.i#Themitochondriaareresponsiblei#fo
t t t
i#rcellularrespiration andenergyproduction.
t
Ribosomes’chieffunctionistoprovidesites forcellularproteinsynthesis.i#Lysosomesfunction asi#thei
t t
i#ntracellulardigestivesystem.
PTS: i # 1 DIF: CognitiveLevel:Remembering
3. Whichcomponentofthecellproduceshydrogenperoxide(H2O2) byusing oxygentoi#removehydr t t
ogenatomsfromspecificsubstratesini#ani#oxidativereaction?
i#
a. Lysosomes
b. Peroxisomes
c. Ribosomes
d. Endosome
ANS: i#B
, McCance:Pathophysiology:TheBiologicBasisforDiseaseinAdultsandChildren(8thEdition)TESTBANK t t t
Peroxisomesaresonamedbecausetheyusuallycontainenzymesthatuseoxygen toremovehydroge t
i#natoms fromspecificsubstratesin anoxidative reactionthatproducesH2O2,whichisapowerful i#oxid
t t t
i#ant andpotentiallydestructiveif it accumulatesorescapesfromperoxisomes.
t t t
RibosomesareRNA-
proteincomplexes(nucleoproteins) i#thataresynthesizedin thenucleolusandsecretedintothe cytopla t t
i#smthroughporesinthe nuclearenvelopecalled t i#nuclearporecomplexes.
i#Lysosomesaresaclikestruc i#turesthatoriginatefromtheGolgicomplexand containmorethan40 t
i#digestiveenzymescalled hydrol i#ases, whichcatalyze bonds inproteins, lipids,
t i#nucleicacids, t t t t
i#and carbohydrates. i#An i#endosomeis aves i#icalthat hasbeenpinchedofffromthe cellularmembrane.
t t t t
PTS: i # 1 DIF: i # i # CognitiveLevel:Remembering
4. Whichcellcomponentiscapableofcellularautodigestionwhen itisreleasedduringcellinjury? t
a. Ribosome
b. Golgicomplex
c. Smoothendoplasmic reticulum t
d. Lysosomes
ANS: i#D
The lysosomalmembraneacts i#as i#aprotectiveshieldbetweenthepowerfuldigestiveenzymeswithint
t
i#helysosome andthecytoplasm, t i#preventingtheirleakage intothecytoplasmicmatrix. t
i#Disruption ofth t
i#emembranebyvarious treatments orcellularinjuryleadstoarelease ofthelysosomalenzymes,
t t t
i # whic i # hi#can then reacti#withtheirspecificsubstrates, i#causingi#cellularself-
t t
digestion.The chieffunctionofa ribosome is toprovidesitesforcellularprotein synthesis.
t t i#The t t t
i#Golgi i#complexisanetworkofflattened,
i#smoothvesicles andmembranesoftenlocatednearthe cellnucleus.
t t
i#The smoothendoplasmic reticulum is involved insteroidhormoneproduction andremovingtoxicsu
t t t t t t
i#bstances fromthecell. t
PTS: i # 1 DIF: i # i # CognitiveLevel:Remembering
5. WhichcAMP-mediatedresponseisrelated toantidiuretic hormone? t t
a. Increased heart rate andforce ofcontraction
t t t t
b. Secretionofcortisol
c. Increased retentionofwater t
d. Breakdownof fat t
ANS: i#C
Antidiuretichormone leads toincreasedretentionofwaterinthebody. i#Epinephrinecauses increases i
t t t t
i#nheartrateandforceofcontraction. i#Increasedcortisolsecretion isduetoACTH. i#Breakdownoffatisd t
i#ueto glucagon.t
PTS: i # 1 DIF: i # i # CognitiveLevel:Remembering
6. Duringwhichphaseofthecellcycleisi#DNAsynthesized?
a. G1
b. S
c. G2
d. M
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
TheBiologic Basis ForDiseaseInAdults
i# i#
And Children
i# i#
8THEDITIONBYKATHRYNL.
MCCANCE
,McCance:Pathophysiology:TheBiologicBasisforDiseaseinAdultsandChildren(8thEdition)TESTBANK
t t
CONTENTS:
Chapter i#01:Cellular i#Biology
Chapteri#02:AlteredtCellularandTissuei#Biology:Environmentali#Agents
Chapteri#03:The i#Cellulari#Environment: i#Fluidsand i#Electrolytes, i#Acidstand i#Bases
Chapteri#04:Genesandi#Genetici#Diseases
Chapter05:Genes,Environment-Lifestyle,andtCommontDiseases
Chapteri#06:EpigeneticsandtDisease
Chapter07:InnatetImmunity: i# Inflammationand i# WoundtHealing
Chapter i#08:Adaptive i#Immunity
Chapteri#09:AlterationsinImmunityandtInflammation
Chapteri#10:Infection
Chapter i#11:Stresstand i#Disease
Chapter i#12:Cancer i#Biology
Chapter i#13:Cancer i#Epidemiology
Chapteri#14:i#Canceri#ini#Children
Chapter i#15:Structuretand i#FunctiontofthetNeurologictSystem
Chapter i#16:Pain, i#Temperature i#Regulation, i#Sleep,and i#SensoryFunction
Chapter i#17:AlterationsintCognitivetSystems, i#CerebraltHemodynamics,andMotorFunction
Chapter i#18:Disorderstofthe i# CentralandtPeripheral i#NervousSystemstandthe i#Neuromuscular i#Junction
Chapteri#19:NeurobiologyofSchizophrenia,i#MoodtDisorders,andtAnxietyDisorders
Chapteri#20:AlterationsofNeurologici#FunctiontinChildren
Chapteri#21:MechanismsofHormonal i#Regulation
Chapteri#22:AlterationsofHormonal i#Regulation
Chapteri#23:Obesityandi#DisordersofNutrition
Chapter i#24:Structuretand i#FunctiontofthetReproductive i#Systems
Chapteri#25:Alterationsofthei#FemaletReproductivei#System
Chapteri#26:Alterationsofthe i#MaleReproductivetSystem
Chapteri#27:SexuallyTransmittedi#Infections
Chapteri#28:StructuretandtFunctionofthei#HematologictSystem
Chapter i#29:AlterationsofErythrocytes, i#Platelets, i#and i#Hemostatic i#Function
Chapteri#30:AlterationsofLeukocyteandtLymphoid i#Function
Chapteri#31:AlterationsofHematologici#Functiontini#Children
Chapter i#32:StructuretandtFunctionofthe i#Cardiovascularand i#Lymphatic i#Systems
Chapteri#33:AlterationsofCardiovasculari#Function
Chapteri#34:AlterationsofCardiovascular i#FunctionintChildren
Chapter i#35:Structuretand i#FunctiontofthetPulmonarySystem
Chapteri#36:AlterationsofPulmonaryFunction
Chapteri#37:i#AlterationsofPulmonaryFunctiontini#Children
Chapter i#38:Structuretand i#FunctiontofthetRenaltand i#UrologictSystems
Chapteri#39:i#AlterationsofRenalandi#UrinaryTracti#Function
Chapter i#40: i#AlterationsofRenaltand i#UrinaryTract i#Functiontin i#Children
Chapter i#41:Structuretand i#FunctiontofthetDigestivetSystem
Chapteri#42:AlterationsofDigestive i#Function
Chapter i#43:AlterationsofDigestivetFunctionin i#Children
Chapteri#44:StructuretandtFunctionofthei#MusculoskeletaltSystem
Chapteri#45:AlterationsofMusculoskeletali#Function
Chapteri#46:AlterationsofMusculoskeletali#FunctionintChildren
Chapteri#47:Structure,i#Function,i#andi#Disordersofthei#Integument
Chapteri#48:i#Alterationsofthei#IntegumentintChildren
Chapter i#49:Shock, i#MultipletOrgantDysfunctiontSyndrome, i#andtBurnsintAdults
Chapteri#50:Shock,MultipletOrgantDysfunctiontSyndrome,andtBurnsintChildren
, McCance:Pathophysiology:TheBiologicBasisforDiseaseinAdultsandChildren(8thEdition)TESTBANK
t t t
Part 1:i#CENTRALCONCEPTSOFPATHOPHYSIOLOGY:CELLSANDTISSUES i#Uniti#I:
t
i#THECELL
CHAPTER 01:i#CELLULARBIOLOGY
t
MULTIPLECHOICE
1. Whichstatementbestdescribesthe cellularfunction ofmetabolicabsorption?
t t
a. Cellscanproduceproteins.
b. Cellscansecretei#digestive enzymes. t
c. Cellsi#cani#takeinanduse nutrients. t
d. Cellscansynthesizefats.
ANS: i#C
Ini#metabolicabsorption,i#allcellstake inand use nutrients andothersubstancesfrom theirsurrounding
t t t t t
i#s.Theremaining options arenotinclusivein theirdescriptions ofcellularmetabolicabsorption.
t t t t
PTS: i # 1 DIF: CognitiveLevel:Remembering
2. Whereis mostofa cell’s i#geneticinformation, i#includingRNAand i#DNA, i#contained?
t t
a. Mitochondria
b. Ribosome
c. Nucleolus
d. Lysosome
ANS: i#C
The nucleuscontainsthenucleolus, asmalldensestructurecomposed largelyofRNA,mostofthe cell
t t t t
i # i # ularDNA,i#andthei#DNA-
binding proteins,i#suchi#as thei#histones,i#whichregulateits activity.i#Themitochondriaareresponsiblei#fo
t t t
i#rcellularrespiration andenergyproduction.
t
Ribosomes’chieffunctionistoprovidesites forcellularproteinsynthesis.i#Lysosomesfunction asi#thei
t t
i#ntracellulardigestivesystem.
PTS: i # 1 DIF: CognitiveLevel:Remembering
3. Whichcomponentofthecellproduceshydrogenperoxide(H2O2) byusing oxygentoi#removehydr t t
ogenatomsfromspecificsubstratesini#ani#oxidativereaction?
i#
a. Lysosomes
b. Peroxisomes
c. Ribosomes
d. Endosome
ANS: i#B
, McCance:Pathophysiology:TheBiologicBasisforDiseaseinAdultsandChildren(8thEdition)TESTBANK t t t
Peroxisomesaresonamedbecausetheyusuallycontainenzymesthatuseoxygen toremovehydroge t
i#natoms fromspecificsubstratesin anoxidative reactionthatproducesH2O2,whichisapowerful i#oxid
t t t
i#ant andpotentiallydestructiveif it accumulatesorescapesfromperoxisomes.
t t t
RibosomesareRNA-
proteincomplexes(nucleoproteins) i#thataresynthesizedin thenucleolusandsecretedintothe cytopla t t
i#smthroughporesinthe nuclearenvelopecalled t i#nuclearporecomplexes.
i#Lysosomesaresaclikestruc i#turesthatoriginatefromtheGolgicomplexand containmorethan40 t
i#digestiveenzymescalled hydrol i#ases, whichcatalyze bonds inproteins, lipids,
t i#nucleicacids, t t t t
i#and carbohydrates. i#An i#endosomeis aves i#icalthat hasbeenpinchedofffromthe cellularmembrane.
t t t t
PTS: i # 1 DIF: i # i # CognitiveLevel:Remembering
4. Whichcellcomponentiscapableofcellularautodigestionwhen itisreleasedduringcellinjury? t
a. Ribosome
b. Golgicomplex
c. Smoothendoplasmic reticulum t
d. Lysosomes
ANS: i#D
The lysosomalmembraneacts i#as i#aprotectiveshieldbetweenthepowerfuldigestiveenzymeswithint
t
i#helysosome andthecytoplasm, t i#preventingtheirleakage intothecytoplasmicmatrix. t
i#Disruption ofth t
i#emembranebyvarious treatments orcellularinjuryleadstoarelease ofthelysosomalenzymes,
t t t
i # whic i # hi#can then reacti#withtheirspecificsubstrates, i#causingi#cellularself-
t t
digestion.The chieffunctionofa ribosome is toprovidesitesforcellularprotein synthesis.
t t i#The t t t
i#Golgi i#complexisanetworkofflattened,
i#smoothvesicles andmembranesoftenlocatednearthe cellnucleus.
t t
i#The smoothendoplasmic reticulum is involved insteroidhormoneproduction andremovingtoxicsu
t t t t t t
i#bstances fromthecell. t
PTS: i # 1 DIF: i # i # CognitiveLevel:Remembering
5. WhichcAMP-mediatedresponseisrelated toantidiuretic hormone? t t
a. Increased heart rate andforce ofcontraction
t t t t
b. Secretionofcortisol
c. Increased retentionofwater t
d. Breakdownof fat t
ANS: i#C
Antidiuretichormone leads toincreasedretentionofwaterinthebody. i#Epinephrinecauses increases i
t t t t
i#nheartrateandforceofcontraction. i#Increasedcortisolsecretion isduetoACTH. i#Breakdownoffatisd t
i#ueto glucagon.t
PTS: i # 1 DIF: i # i # CognitiveLevel:Remembering
6. Duringwhichphaseofthecellcycleisi#DNAsynthesized?
a. G1
b. S
c. G2
d. M
