Michelle Morrison-Valfre/Latest Version
Chapter 01: The History of Mental Health Care
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. ThegbeliefgofgthegancientgGreekgphilosophergPlatogthatgthegrationalgsoulgcontrolledgthegir
rationalgsoulgcouldgbegcomparedgwithgthegbeliefgofgthegmoregrecentgpsychologicalgtheori
st:
a. Freud
b. Pinel
c. Fisher
d. Rush
ANS:g A
SigmundgFreudgbelievedgthatgmentalgillnessgwas,gingpart,gcausedgbygforcesgbothgwithingand
goutsidegthegpersonality.gPhilippegPinelgadvocatedgacceptancegofgmentallygillgindividualsgas
ghumangbeingsgingneedgofgmedicalgassistance.gAlicegFishergwasgagFlorencegNightingalegnur
segwhogcaredgforgthegmentallygill,gandgDr.gBenjamingRushgwasgthegauthorgofgthegbookgDis
easesgofgthegMind.
PTS:g 1 DIF: CognitivegLevel:gComprehension
REF:g p.g4gOBJ:g 2
TOP:g EarlygYearsgofgMentalgHealth
KEY:g Nursingg Processg Step:g Assessment MSC:g Clientg Needs:g Psychosocialg Integrity
2. Duringgthegmid-
1500s,gbehaviorsgassociatedgwithgmentalgillnessgweregmoregaccuratelygrecordedgbygpr
ofessionals.gThisgpracticegledgtog
forgdifferentgabnorma
lgbehaviors.
a. Classifications
b. Diagnosing
c. Treatment
d. Education
ANS:g A
Classificationgofgabnormalgbehaviorsgdidgnotgbeginguntilgthisgtime,gaftergthegpracticegofgmo
regaccurategrecordinggofgbehaviorsgwasgbegun.gDiagnoses,gtreatmentgguidelines,gandganyge
ducationgregardinggmentalghealthgdisordersgweregnotgavailablegduringgthisgperiod.
PTS:g 1 DIF: CognitivegLevel:gKnowledge
REF:g p.g5gOBJ:g 3
TOP:g MentalgIllnessgDuringgthegRenaissance
KEY:g Nursingg Processg Step:g Assessment MSC:g Clientg Needs:g Psychosocialg Integrity
3. Duringgtheglattergpartgofgthegeighteenthgcentury,gpsychiatrygbecamegagseparategbranchgo
fgmedicine,gandginhumanegtreatmentgwasggreatlygdiminishedgbygthegFrenchghospitalgdire
ctor:
a. Dix
b. Beers
c. Pinel
d. Carter
ANS:g C
1g|gPgaggge
, PhilippegPinelgadvocatedgacceptancegofgthegmentallygill,gasgwellgasgpropergtreatment.gDorot
heagDixgcrusadedg forgconstructiongofgmentalghealthghospitals.gCliffordgBeersgwrotegthegbo
okg AgMindgThatgFoundgItself.gPresidentgJimmygCartergestablishedgthegPresident’sgCommis
siongongMentalgHealthging1978.
PTS:g 1 DIF: CognitivegLevel:gKnowledge
REF:g p.g5gOBJ:g 4
TOP:g MentalgIllnessgingthegEighteenthgCentury
KEY:g Nursingg Processg Step:g Assessment MSC:g Clientg Needs:g Psychosocialg Integrity
4. Ing1841,g
surveyedgasylums,gjails,gandgalmshousesgthroughoutgthegUnited
gStates,gCanada,gandgScotlandgandgisgcreditedgwithgbringinggaboutgpublicgawarenessgandgre
formgforgthegcaregofgthegmentallygill.
a. Sigmundg Freud
b. Johng Cade
c. Florenceg Nightingale
d. Dorotheag Dix
ANS:g D
DorotheagDixgspentg20gyearsgsurveyinggfacilitiesgthatghousedgmentallygillgindividualsgandgi
sgcreditedgwithgmajorgchangesgingthegcaregofgthegmentallygill.gSigmundgFreudgintroducedgt
hegconceptgofgpsychoanalysis,gJohngCadegdiscoveredglithiumgcarbonategforgthegtreatmentgo
fgbipolargdisorder,gandgFlorencegNightingalegtrainedgnursesgingEnglandgingtheg1800s.
PTS:g 1 DIF: CognitivegLevel:gKnowledge
REF:g p.g6gOBJ:g 4
TOP:g MentalgIllnessgingthegNineteenthgCentury
KEY:g Nursingg Processg Step:g Assessment MSC:g Clientg Needs:g Psychosocialg Integrity
5. AsgagdirectgresultgofgCliffordgBeers’gworkgandgbook,gAgMindgThatgFoundgItself,gthegComm
itteegforgMentalgHygienegwasg formedging1909gwithgagfocusgongpreventiongofgmentalgillnes
sgand:
a. Earlygdetectiong ofg symptomsg ofg mentalg illness
b. Educationg ofg caregivers
c. Currentgtreatmentg options
d. Removingg theg stigmag attachedg tog mentalg illness
ANS:g D
CliffordgBeers’gbookgreflectedgonghisgattemptgatgsuicidegfollowedgbygthegdeplorablegcaregh
egreceivedgforgthegnextg3gyearsgingmentalghospitals.gBeers’gworkgandgbookgraisedgthegcons
ciousnessgofgpeoplegthroughoutgthegcountrygregardinggpreventiongandgremovalgofgthegstigm
agofghavinggagmentalgillness.gEarlygdetectiongofgsymptoms,geducationgofgcaregivers,gandgcu
rrentgtreatmentgoptionsgregardinggmentalgillnessgweregnotgthegfocusgofghisgbook,gnorgwereg
theygagprioritygforgthegCommitteegforgMentalgHygiene.
PTS:g 1 DIF: CognitivegLevel:gKnowledge
REF:g p.g6gOBJ:g 4
TOP:g MentalgIllnessgingthegTwentiethgCentury
KEY:g Nursingg Processg Step:g Assessment MSC:g Clientg Needs:g Psychosocialg Integrity
6. Duringgtheg1930s,gwhatgcommongtreatmentgforgschizophreniagcausedgclientsgtogfallgintogagc
omagthatgcouldglastgasglonggasg50ghours?
a. Electroconvulsiveg therapy
b. Insuling therapy
c. Humoralg therapy
2g|gPgaggge
, d. Amphetamineg therapy
ANS:g B
Insulingtherapygwasgbelievedgtogsuccessfullygtreatgschizophreniagingthegearlyg1900s.gAmph
etaminesgweregusedgtogtreatgdepression,gandgelectroconvulsivegtherapygwasgusedgforgsevere
gdepression.gHumoralgtherapy,gwhichgoriginatedgingancientgGreecegandgRome,gwasgagbelief
gthatgmentalgillnessgresultedgfromgangimbalancegofgtheghumorsgofgair,gfire,gwater,gandgearth
.
PTS:g 1 DIF: CognitivegLevel:gKnowledge
REF:g p.g8gOBJ:g 5
TOP:g Influencesgofg Warg ong Mentalg HealthgTherapie
s
KEY:g Nursingg Processg Step:g Assessment MSC:g Clientg Needs:g Psychosocialg Integrity
7. Ingtheg1930s,gwhatgmentalghealthgdisordergwasgelectroconvulsivegtherapyg(ECT)gmostgof
tengusedgtogtreat?
a. Schizophrenia
b. Bipolarg disorder
c. Severegdepression
d. Violentg behavior
ANS:g C
ECTgwasgfoundgtogbegangeffectivegtreatmentgforgseveregdepressiongingtheg1930s.gDuringgthi
sgperiod,gschizophreniagwasgtreatedgwithginsulingtherapy,gandgviolentgbehaviorgwasgtreatedg
withgaglobotomy.gIng1949,glithiumgcarbonateg wasgdiscoveredgasgagtreatmentgforgbipolargdis
order.
PTS:g 1 DIF: CognitivegLevel:gKnowledge
REF:g p.g6gOBJ:g 5
TOP:g Influencesgofg Warg ong Mentalg HealthgTherapie
s
KEY:g Nursingg Processg Step:g Assessment MSC:g Clientg Needs:g Psychosocialg Integrity
8. Ingthegearlygtwentiethgcentury,gagfrontalglobotomygwasgagcommongtreatmentgforgvio
lentgbehaviors.gWhichgdescriptiongofgthisgproceduregisgaccurate?
a. Agproceduregthatgdeliversg angelectricalgstimulusgtogthegfrontalglobesgofgthegbrain
b. Agsurgicalgproceduregthatgdrillsgholesgingthegfrontgofgthegskullgtogdraingfluid
c. Agsurgicalgproceduregthatgseversg thegfrontalglobesgofgthegbraingfromgtheg thalamus
d. Agsurgicalgproceduregthatg insertsgimplantsgintog thegfrontalglobesgofgtheg brain
ANS:g C
Agfrontalglobotomygisgagsurgicalgproceduregingwhichgthegfrontalglobesgofgthegbraingaregseve
redgfromgthegthalamus.
PTS:g 1 DIF: CognitivegLevel:gKnowledge
REF:g p.g6gOBJ:g 5
TOP:g Influencesgofg Warg ong Mentalg HealthgTherapie
s
KEY:g Nursingg Processg Step:g Assessment MSC:g Clientg Needs:g Psychosocialg Integrity
9. Whichgclassg ofg drugsg wasg introducedgingtheg 1930sg forg theg treatmentg ofg depression?
a. SSRIs
b. Tricyclicg antidepressants
c. MAOIs
d. Amphetamines
ANS:g D
3g|gPgaggge
, Ingtheg1930s,gamphetaminesgweregfoundgtogboostgthegspiritsgofgdepressedgpeople.gSSRIs,gtr
icyclicgantidepressants,gandgMAOIsgaregantidepressantgagents,gbutgtheygweregnotgdiscovere
dguntilgmuchglater.
PTS:g 1 DIF: CognitivegLevel:gKnowledge
REF:g p.g6gOBJ:g 5
TOP:g Influencesgofg Warg ong Mentalg HealthgTherapie
s
KEY:g Nursingg Processg Step:g Assessment MSC:g Clientg Needs:g Psychosocialg Integrity
10. Ing1937,gCongressgpassedgthegHill-
BurtongAct,gwhichgwasgsignificantgforgthegtreatmentgofgmentalghealthgbecausegitgfunde
d:
a. Researchgong drugsg forg thegtreatmentg ofg mentalg healthg disorders
b. Trainingg ofg mentalg healthgprofessionals
c. Constructiong ofg psychiatricg unitsg ing facilitiesg throughoutg Northg America
d. Developmentg ofg communityg mentalg healthg clinics
ANS:g C
ThegHill-
BurtongActgprovidedgmoneygforgthegconstructiongofgpsychiatricgunitsgingthegUnitedgStates.g
ResearchgongdrugsgwasgnotgagpartgofgthegHill-
BurtongAct.gTraininggofgmentalghealthgprofessionalsgwasgfundedgbygthegNationalgMentalgH
ealthgActgofg1946,gandgcommunitygmentalghealthgcentersgweregnotginstitutedguntilgtheg1960
s.
PTS:g 1 DIF: CognitivegLevel:gKnowledge
REF:g p.g6gOBJ:g 5g|g9
TOP:g Influencesgofg Warg ong Mentalg HealthgTherapie
s
KEY:g Nursingg Processg Step:g Assessment MSC:g Clientg Needs:g Psychosocialg Integrity
11. ThegNationalgMentalgHealthgActgofg1946gprovidedgagmeansgforgfundinggofgprogramsg
thatgpromotegresearchgongmentalghealthgand:
a. Developmentgofgmentalghealthgclinicsgingthegcommunity
b. Traininggofgmentalghealthgprofessionals
c. Treatmentgforg veteransgsufferingg fromg mentalg healthgdisorders
d. Educatinggthegpublicgaboutgmentalgillness
ANS:g B
ThegNationalgMentalgHealthgActgofg1946gprovidedgmuchgneededgtraininggforgindividualsgw
hogcaredgforgpatientsgwithgmentalghealthgdisorders.gCommunitygmentalghealthgclinicsgwereg
initiatedgingtheg1960s,gtreatmentgforgveteransgwasgnotgfundedgbygthisgact,gandgeducationgofg
thegpublicgoccurredglater.
PTS:g 1 DIF: CognitivegLevel:gKnowledge
REF:g p.g6gOBJ:g 5g|g9
TOP:g Influencesgofg Warg ong Mentalg HealthgTherapie
s
KEY:g Nursingg Processg Step:g Assessment MSC:g Clientg Needs:g Psychosocialg Integrity
12. Whichgofgthegfollowinggbestgdescribesgthegdisordergthatgwasgfirstgrecognizedgingveter
ansgfollowinggthegKoreangandgVietnamgWars?
a. Depression
b. Bipolarg disorder
c. Post-traumaticg stressg disorder
d. Paranoidg schizophrenicg disorder
ANS:g C
4g|gPgaggge