BIOD351 Module 5 Pulmonology
Comprehensive Final Test (Qns & Ans)
2025
Question 1 (Multiple Choice)
Question:
In patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS),
what is the primary benefit of applying high levels of positive
end‑expiratory pressure (PEEP)?
A) It decreases heart rate to reduce myocardial oxygen
consumption.
B) It recruits collapsed alveoli to improve oxygenation.
C) It increases the respiratory rate to enhance ventilation.
D) It reduces the metabolic demand in lung tissues.
Correct ANS:
B) It recruits collapsed alveoli to improve oxygenation.
©2025
, Rationale:
In ARDS, alveolar collapse contributes significantly to
hypoxemia. PEEP maintains alveolar patency during expiration,
thereby recruiting collapsed alveoli and improving ventilation–
perfusion matching and oxygenation.
---
Question 2 (Fill in the Blank)
Question:
The parameter used to assess the efficiency of gas exchange in the
lungs, representing the weighted average pressure driving oxygen
into tissues, is known as ________ .
Correct ANS:
mean arterial oxygen tension (PaO₂)
or simply "oxygenation" if interpreted less specifically
Rationale:
While “mean arterial pressure” (MAP) is used for circulatory
assessment, in pulmonary physiology, the degree of oxygenation
(often quantified by arterial oxygen tension, PaO₂) is critical. For
©2025
,clarity, this question focuses on the efficiency of alveolar gas
exchange as reflected by blood oxygen levels.
---
Question 3 (True/False)
Question:
True/False: In emphysema, the destruction of alveolar walls leads
to a significant decrease in elastic recoil, which contributes to
dynamic airway collapse during exhalation.
Correct ANS:
True
Rationale:
Emphysema involves the loss of elastic fibers and alveolar wall
destruction, impairing elastic recoil. This reduced recoil allows
airways to collapse prematurely during exhalation, causing
airflow limitation and air trapping.
---
©2025
, Question 4 (Multiple Response)
Question:
Select all factors that typically contribute to a ventilation-
perfusion (V/Q) mismatch in pulmonary embolism:
A) Obstructed pulmonary arteries resulting in perfusion defects
B) Areas of alveoli receiving normal ventilation but impaired
perfusion
C) Increased CO₂ retention due to bronchial constriction
D) Compensatory hyperventilation in non-embolized regions
E) Diffuse alveolar damage affecting both ventilation and
perfusion
Correct ANS:
A, B, D
Rationale:
In pulmonary embolism, clots obstruct blood flow (A), causing
areas with preserved ventilation but reduced perfusion (B), and
compensatory hyperventilation in other lung regions often occurs
(D). Options C and E are not typical features in isolated
pulmonary embolism.
---
©2025
Comprehensive Final Test (Qns & Ans)
2025
Question 1 (Multiple Choice)
Question:
In patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS),
what is the primary benefit of applying high levels of positive
end‑expiratory pressure (PEEP)?
A) It decreases heart rate to reduce myocardial oxygen
consumption.
B) It recruits collapsed alveoli to improve oxygenation.
C) It increases the respiratory rate to enhance ventilation.
D) It reduces the metabolic demand in lung tissues.
Correct ANS:
B) It recruits collapsed alveoli to improve oxygenation.
©2025
, Rationale:
In ARDS, alveolar collapse contributes significantly to
hypoxemia. PEEP maintains alveolar patency during expiration,
thereby recruiting collapsed alveoli and improving ventilation–
perfusion matching and oxygenation.
---
Question 2 (Fill in the Blank)
Question:
The parameter used to assess the efficiency of gas exchange in the
lungs, representing the weighted average pressure driving oxygen
into tissues, is known as ________ .
Correct ANS:
mean arterial oxygen tension (PaO₂)
or simply "oxygenation" if interpreted less specifically
Rationale:
While “mean arterial pressure” (MAP) is used for circulatory
assessment, in pulmonary physiology, the degree of oxygenation
(often quantified by arterial oxygen tension, PaO₂) is critical. For
©2025
,clarity, this question focuses on the efficiency of alveolar gas
exchange as reflected by blood oxygen levels.
---
Question 3 (True/False)
Question:
True/False: In emphysema, the destruction of alveolar walls leads
to a significant decrease in elastic recoil, which contributes to
dynamic airway collapse during exhalation.
Correct ANS:
True
Rationale:
Emphysema involves the loss of elastic fibers and alveolar wall
destruction, impairing elastic recoil. This reduced recoil allows
airways to collapse prematurely during exhalation, causing
airflow limitation and air trapping.
---
©2025
, Question 4 (Multiple Response)
Question:
Select all factors that typically contribute to a ventilation-
perfusion (V/Q) mismatch in pulmonary embolism:
A) Obstructed pulmonary arteries resulting in perfusion defects
B) Areas of alveoli receiving normal ventilation but impaired
perfusion
C) Increased CO₂ retention due to bronchial constriction
D) Compensatory hyperventilation in non-embolized regions
E) Diffuse alveolar damage affecting both ventilation and
perfusion
Correct ANS:
A, B, D
Rationale:
In pulmonary embolism, clots obstruct blood flow (A), causing
areas with preserved ventilation but reduced perfusion (B), and
compensatory hyperventilation in other lung regions often occurs
(D). Options C and E are not typical features in isolated
pulmonary embolism.
---
©2025
