BIOD351 Module 4 Endocrinology
Comprehensive Final Test (Qns & Ans)
2025
Question 1 (Multiple Choice)
Question:
A 32-year-old woman presents with weight loss, heat intolerance,
palpitations, and exophthalmos. Which endocrine disorder is most
consistent with her clinical presentation?
A) Hashimoto’s thyroiditis
B) Graves’ disease
C) Cushing’s syndrome
D) Subacute thyroiditis
Correct ANS:
B) Graves’ disease
©2025
, Rationale:
Graves’ disease is an autoimmune hyperthyroid condition
characterized by symptoms such as weight loss, heat intolerance,
palpitations, and ophthalmopathy (exophthalmos). The other
options do not typically present with thyroid eye involvement.
---
Question 2 (Fill in the Blank)
Question:
The regulatory axis responsible for the stress response, involving
the sequential release of corticotropin-releasing hormone,
adrenocorticotropic hormone, and cortisol, is known as the
________ axis.
Correct ANS:
hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal
Rationale:
The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis governs the
body’s response to stress. CRH from the hypothalamus stimulates
ACTH release from the pituitary, which in turn promotes cortisol
secretion from the adrenal cortex.
©2025
,---
Question 3 (True/False)
Question:
True/False: In endocrine physiology, negative feedback loops are
the primary mechanism by which hormone levels are regulated.
Correct ANS:
True
Rationale:
Negative feedback is the dominant regulatory mechanism in the
endocrine system, helping maintain homeostasis by reducing
further hormone secretion once the desired effect is achieved.
---
Question 4 (Multiple Response)
Question:
Select all receptor characteristics that differentiate nuclear
receptors from membrane receptors:
A) They act as transcription factors.
©2025
, B) They primarily trigger rapid, non-genomic responses.
C) They typically bind lipophilic ligands.
D) Their action involves gene expression modulation.
E) They are coupled with G-proteins.
Correct ANS:
A, C, D
Rationale:
Nuclear receptors function as transcription factors, bind lipophilic
(non-polar) ligands such as steroid hormones, and modulate gene
expression. In contrast, membrane receptors often initiate rapid,
non-genomic responses and are typically coupled with G-proteins.
---
Question 5 (Multiple Choice)
Question:
A 45-year-old male presents with fatigue, hypotension,
hyperpigmentation of the skin, and weight loss. Laboratory tests
reveal low cortisol levels with high plasma ACTH. What is the
most likely diagnosis?
©2025
Comprehensive Final Test (Qns & Ans)
2025
Question 1 (Multiple Choice)
Question:
A 32-year-old woman presents with weight loss, heat intolerance,
palpitations, and exophthalmos. Which endocrine disorder is most
consistent with her clinical presentation?
A) Hashimoto’s thyroiditis
B) Graves’ disease
C) Cushing’s syndrome
D) Subacute thyroiditis
Correct ANS:
B) Graves’ disease
©2025
, Rationale:
Graves’ disease is an autoimmune hyperthyroid condition
characterized by symptoms such as weight loss, heat intolerance,
palpitations, and ophthalmopathy (exophthalmos). The other
options do not typically present with thyroid eye involvement.
---
Question 2 (Fill in the Blank)
Question:
The regulatory axis responsible for the stress response, involving
the sequential release of corticotropin-releasing hormone,
adrenocorticotropic hormone, and cortisol, is known as the
________ axis.
Correct ANS:
hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal
Rationale:
The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis governs the
body’s response to stress. CRH from the hypothalamus stimulates
ACTH release from the pituitary, which in turn promotes cortisol
secretion from the adrenal cortex.
©2025
,---
Question 3 (True/False)
Question:
True/False: In endocrine physiology, negative feedback loops are
the primary mechanism by which hormone levels are regulated.
Correct ANS:
True
Rationale:
Negative feedback is the dominant regulatory mechanism in the
endocrine system, helping maintain homeostasis by reducing
further hormone secretion once the desired effect is achieved.
---
Question 4 (Multiple Response)
Question:
Select all receptor characteristics that differentiate nuclear
receptors from membrane receptors:
A) They act as transcription factors.
©2025
, B) They primarily trigger rapid, non-genomic responses.
C) They typically bind lipophilic ligands.
D) Their action involves gene expression modulation.
E) They are coupled with G-proteins.
Correct ANS:
A, C, D
Rationale:
Nuclear receptors function as transcription factors, bind lipophilic
(non-polar) ligands such as steroid hormones, and modulate gene
expression. In contrast, membrane receptors often initiate rapid,
non-genomic responses and are typically coupled with G-proteins.
---
Question 5 (Multiple Choice)
Question:
A 45-year-old male presents with fatigue, hypotension,
hyperpigmentation of the skin, and weight loss. Laboratory tests
reveal low cortisol levels with high plasma ACTH. What is the
most likely diagnosis?
©2025
