IT 115 Network Fundamentals
Comprehensive Final Exam (Qns & Ans)
2025
Question 1 (Multiple Choice)
Question:
Which of the following features most clearly distinguishes
Software-Defined Networking (SDN) from traditional network
architectures?
A) Distributed control plane with local decision-making
B) Centralized control that decouples the control plane from the
data plane
C) Fixed routing infrastructure with hardware-centric
configurations
D) Inability to support dynamic network policies
Correct ANS:
©2025
,B) Centralized control that decouples the control plane from the
data plane
Rationale:
SDN separates the control plane from the data plane, centralizing
management in a software controller. This separation allows
dynamic, programmable network policies and rapid
reconfiguration that are not possible in traditional, hardware-
driven architectures.
---
Question 2 (Fill in the Blank)
Question:
The process of dividing a large IP address space into smaller,
manageable sub-networks is known as ________ .
Correct ANS:
subnetting
Rationale:
Subnetting is a fundamental technique that partitions an IP
network into smaller segments or subnets. This improves address
©2025
,utilization, enhances security and management, and reduces
broadcast domains.
---
Question 3 (True/False)
Question:
True/False: Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) not only
speeds up packet forwarding but also supports scalable VPN
architectures.
Correct ANS:
True
Rationale:
MPLS assigns short labels to packets, allowing routers to make
fast forwarding decisions without lengthy IP lookups.
Additionally, MPLS is widely used to construct VPNs by
segregating traffic from different customers over shared
infrastructure.
---
©2025
, Question 4 (Multiple Response)
Question:
Select all of the following mechanisms that enhance performance
at the transport layer:
A) TCP congestion control
B) Fast retransmit
C) Window scaling
D) UDP flow control
E) Selective acknowledgments (SACK)
Correct ANS:
A, B, C, E
Rationale:
TCP employs several techniques to optimize performance and
reliability: congestion control, fast retransmit, window scaling (to
accommodate varying network delays), and SACK to recover
from packet loss. UDP does not include intrinsic flow control
mechanisms, making option D incorrect.
---
©2025
Comprehensive Final Exam (Qns & Ans)
2025
Question 1 (Multiple Choice)
Question:
Which of the following features most clearly distinguishes
Software-Defined Networking (SDN) from traditional network
architectures?
A) Distributed control plane with local decision-making
B) Centralized control that decouples the control plane from the
data plane
C) Fixed routing infrastructure with hardware-centric
configurations
D) Inability to support dynamic network policies
Correct ANS:
©2025
,B) Centralized control that decouples the control plane from the
data plane
Rationale:
SDN separates the control plane from the data plane, centralizing
management in a software controller. This separation allows
dynamic, programmable network policies and rapid
reconfiguration that are not possible in traditional, hardware-
driven architectures.
---
Question 2 (Fill in the Blank)
Question:
The process of dividing a large IP address space into smaller,
manageable sub-networks is known as ________ .
Correct ANS:
subnetting
Rationale:
Subnetting is a fundamental technique that partitions an IP
network into smaller segments or subnets. This improves address
©2025
,utilization, enhances security and management, and reduces
broadcast domains.
---
Question 3 (True/False)
Question:
True/False: Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) not only
speeds up packet forwarding but also supports scalable VPN
architectures.
Correct ANS:
True
Rationale:
MPLS assigns short labels to packets, allowing routers to make
fast forwarding decisions without lengthy IP lookups.
Additionally, MPLS is widely used to construct VPNs by
segregating traffic from different customers over shared
infrastructure.
---
©2025
, Question 4 (Multiple Response)
Question:
Select all of the following mechanisms that enhance performance
at the transport layer:
A) TCP congestion control
B) Fast retransmit
C) Window scaling
D) UDP flow control
E) Selective acknowledgments (SACK)
Correct ANS:
A, B, C, E
Rationale:
TCP employs several techniques to optimize performance and
reliability: congestion control, fast retransmit, window scaling (to
accommodate varying network delays), and SACK to recover
from packet loss. UDP does not include intrinsic flow control
mechanisms, making option D incorrect.
---
©2025
