CCJS 342 Final Exam
Questions & Answers
Why Focus on Community Corrections - ANSWERS-increasing incarceration rates = decreasing
marginal returns for incarceration
-incapacitation effects of prison creates a skewed distribution
---social benefit to incarcerate people for petty crimes is lower
Evolving Role of Probation Officers - ANSWERS-pre 1940s: community service
-1940s: clinical social worker
-1960s: advocate
-Late 1970s: risk manager
-Present: risk manager and social worker
----gradually more punitive to reflect motivations of incarceration
Probation Pros and Cons - ANSWERSPros
-cost less
-lengthy and difficult process
-regulates behaviors
Cons
-more supervision=more chance of getting in trouble
-limitations on lifestyle
-some prefer jail over probation
-longer terms than incarceration
,Behavioral Triage - ANSWERS-method to aid high risk drug/alcohol abuser
-using regular random testing coupled with modest sanctions, relies on offender observed
behavior rather than self report
Intermediate Sanctions - ANSWERS-boot camps
-electronic monitoring
-house arrest
-day reporting
-community service
-monetary penalties
-can be given alone or under probation
H.O.P.E and 24/7 Sobriety Program - ANSWERS-Hawaii Opportunity Probation w/ Enforcement
-programs meant to aid/combat alcohol/drug related crimes
-mild punishments imposed immediately is more effective
-random breathalyzer and daily call in
Types of Monetary Penalties - ANSWERS-fines
-restitution
-surcharges/fees (money that accompanies process of penalties)
-costs
Net widening - ANSWERS-process in which new sentencing options increase rather than reduce
control over offenders' lives
-front end: not being considered for incarceration
-back end: given alternative but would have gone to prison otherwise
, 2 Functions of Monetary Penalties - ANSWERS1. keep people involved in the ccjs longer because
they cant pay
2. pull people back into the system due to municipal violations
---single, missed, partial or untimely payment treated as failure to appear= warrant for arrest
Justice vs Revenue - ANSWERS•Benefit
- Monetary penalties can be an excellent alternative to costly and harmful incarceration
•Cost
- Monetary sanctions create systemic, problematic incentives to extract revenue from those
most vulnerable in society.
Consequences of Failure to Pay - ANSWERS-probation revocation, warrant for arrest, prison
-wage garnishment, tax rebate
-shown in credit reports
-take away drivers license
Potential Alternatives to Monetary Penalties - ANSWERS-proportional fines: fines based on a
persons ability to pay (day fines)
-amnesty: govt waives outstanding fines/fees
Debtors Prison - ANSWERSoutlawed in 1833
Tate v Short: pay to stay sentences are unconstitutional
Williams v Illinois: extending sentence due to indigence is uncon.
Private Probation - ANSWERS- don't charge courts to collect on their behalf, but fund
themselves by charging probationers fees for "collection services."
Questions & Answers
Why Focus on Community Corrections - ANSWERS-increasing incarceration rates = decreasing
marginal returns for incarceration
-incapacitation effects of prison creates a skewed distribution
---social benefit to incarcerate people for petty crimes is lower
Evolving Role of Probation Officers - ANSWERS-pre 1940s: community service
-1940s: clinical social worker
-1960s: advocate
-Late 1970s: risk manager
-Present: risk manager and social worker
----gradually more punitive to reflect motivations of incarceration
Probation Pros and Cons - ANSWERSPros
-cost less
-lengthy and difficult process
-regulates behaviors
Cons
-more supervision=more chance of getting in trouble
-limitations on lifestyle
-some prefer jail over probation
-longer terms than incarceration
,Behavioral Triage - ANSWERS-method to aid high risk drug/alcohol abuser
-using regular random testing coupled with modest sanctions, relies on offender observed
behavior rather than self report
Intermediate Sanctions - ANSWERS-boot camps
-electronic monitoring
-house arrest
-day reporting
-community service
-monetary penalties
-can be given alone or under probation
H.O.P.E and 24/7 Sobriety Program - ANSWERS-Hawaii Opportunity Probation w/ Enforcement
-programs meant to aid/combat alcohol/drug related crimes
-mild punishments imposed immediately is more effective
-random breathalyzer and daily call in
Types of Monetary Penalties - ANSWERS-fines
-restitution
-surcharges/fees (money that accompanies process of penalties)
-costs
Net widening - ANSWERS-process in which new sentencing options increase rather than reduce
control over offenders' lives
-front end: not being considered for incarceration
-back end: given alternative but would have gone to prison otherwise
, 2 Functions of Monetary Penalties - ANSWERS1. keep people involved in the ccjs longer because
they cant pay
2. pull people back into the system due to municipal violations
---single, missed, partial or untimely payment treated as failure to appear= warrant for arrest
Justice vs Revenue - ANSWERS•Benefit
- Monetary penalties can be an excellent alternative to costly and harmful incarceration
•Cost
- Monetary sanctions create systemic, problematic incentives to extract revenue from those
most vulnerable in society.
Consequences of Failure to Pay - ANSWERS-probation revocation, warrant for arrest, prison
-wage garnishment, tax rebate
-shown in credit reports
-take away drivers license
Potential Alternatives to Monetary Penalties - ANSWERS-proportional fines: fines based on a
persons ability to pay (day fines)
-amnesty: govt waives outstanding fines/fees
Debtors Prison - ANSWERSoutlawed in 1833
Tate v Short: pay to stay sentences are unconstitutional
Williams v Illinois: extending sentence due to indigence is uncon.
Private Probation - ANSWERS- don't charge courts to collect on their behalf, but fund
themselves by charging probationers fees for "collection services."
