DISTRIBUTED SYSTEMS EXAM
QUESTIONS WITH 100%VERIFIED
ANSWERS
What is the purpose of an IP address? - ✔✔An IP address identifies a device's interface
within a network, allowing communication across networks.
Explain the function of the Address Resolution Protocol (ARP). - ✔✔ARP maps IP
addresses to MAC addresses, allowing devices to communicate on a local network.
What is the difference between static and dynamic routing? - ✔✔Static routing involves
manually setting routes, while dynamic routing uses protocols to update routes automatically.
Define Network Address Translation (NAT) and its use. - ✔✔NAT translates private
IP addresses to public ones for internet access, often used in routers and firewalls.
What is Virtual Routing and Forwarding (VRF)? - ✔✔VRF allows multiple virtual
routers within a single physical router, enabling network segmentation.
Explain the purpose of TCP and UDP in data transmission. - ✔✔TCP is a reliable,
connection-oriented protocol, while UDP is a faster, connectionless protocol used when speed
is crucial.
What are firewalls, and at what OSI layers do they operate? - ✔✔Firewalls monitor
and control network traffic based on predefined rules and operate on Layers 2, 3, and 4.
What is the function of Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) and Intrusion Prevention Systems
(IPS)? - ✔✔IDS detects unusual traffic and alerts, while IPS actively blocks suspected
malicious traffic.
, What is the role of hypervisors in virtualization? - ✔✔Hypervisors allow multiple virtual
machines to run on a single physical machine, facilitating resource sharing.
Explain the concept of Software Defined Networking (SDN). - ✔✔SDN centralizes
network control, allowing automated configuration and management of network devices.
What are the main types of cloud services? - ✔✔Cloud services include IaaS, PaaS, and
SaaS, providing various levels of infrastructure, platforms, and software remotely.
Define proxy and its primary functions. - ✔✔A proxy serves as an intermediary between
a client and a server, often used for security and caching purposes.
What is a database engine, and why is redundancy important? - ✔✔A database engine
manages application data, with redundancy ensuring data availability and fault tolerance.
What is the function of an application server in distributed computing? - ✔✔Application
servers act as middleware, handling requests and balancing loads across distributed systems.
What is the OSI model and its purpose? - ✔✔The OSI model is a framework with 7
layers that define the functions needed for network communication between computers.
Explain the function of Layer 2 switches in networking. - ✔✔Layer 2 switches forward
frames based on MAC addresses, reducing collision by directing traffic to specific devices.
What are Ethernet frames and how are they used? - ✔✔Ethernet frames are packets of data
sent over Ethernet networks, used to carry data between devices on the same network.
Define MAC address and its role in networking. - ✔✔A MAC address is a unique
identifier for network devices, used in Layer 2 for directing data to the correct device on a
LAN.
What is Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) and why is it important? - ✔✔Spanning Tree Protocol
prevents loops in Ethernet networks by blocking redundant paths and choosing the shortest path.
QUESTIONS WITH 100%VERIFIED
ANSWERS
What is the purpose of an IP address? - ✔✔An IP address identifies a device's interface
within a network, allowing communication across networks.
Explain the function of the Address Resolution Protocol (ARP). - ✔✔ARP maps IP
addresses to MAC addresses, allowing devices to communicate on a local network.
What is the difference between static and dynamic routing? - ✔✔Static routing involves
manually setting routes, while dynamic routing uses protocols to update routes automatically.
Define Network Address Translation (NAT) and its use. - ✔✔NAT translates private
IP addresses to public ones for internet access, often used in routers and firewalls.
What is Virtual Routing and Forwarding (VRF)? - ✔✔VRF allows multiple virtual
routers within a single physical router, enabling network segmentation.
Explain the purpose of TCP and UDP in data transmission. - ✔✔TCP is a reliable,
connection-oriented protocol, while UDP is a faster, connectionless protocol used when speed
is crucial.
What are firewalls, and at what OSI layers do they operate? - ✔✔Firewalls monitor
and control network traffic based on predefined rules and operate on Layers 2, 3, and 4.
What is the function of Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) and Intrusion Prevention Systems
(IPS)? - ✔✔IDS detects unusual traffic and alerts, while IPS actively blocks suspected
malicious traffic.
, What is the role of hypervisors in virtualization? - ✔✔Hypervisors allow multiple virtual
machines to run on a single physical machine, facilitating resource sharing.
Explain the concept of Software Defined Networking (SDN). - ✔✔SDN centralizes
network control, allowing automated configuration and management of network devices.
What are the main types of cloud services? - ✔✔Cloud services include IaaS, PaaS, and
SaaS, providing various levels of infrastructure, platforms, and software remotely.
Define proxy and its primary functions. - ✔✔A proxy serves as an intermediary between
a client and a server, often used for security and caching purposes.
What is a database engine, and why is redundancy important? - ✔✔A database engine
manages application data, with redundancy ensuring data availability and fault tolerance.
What is the function of an application server in distributed computing? - ✔✔Application
servers act as middleware, handling requests and balancing loads across distributed systems.
What is the OSI model and its purpose? - ✔✔The OSI model is a framework with 7
layers that define the functions needed for network communication between computers.
Explain the function of Layer 2 switches in networking. - ✔✔Layer 2 switches forward
frames based on MAC addresses, reducing collision by directing traffic to specific devices.
What are Ethernet frames and how are they used? - ✔✔Ethernet frames are packets of data
sent over Ethernet networks, used to carry data between devices on the same network.
Define MAC address and its role in networking. - ✔✔A MAC address is a unique
identifier for network devices, used in Layer 2 for directing data to the correct device on a
LAN.
What is Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) and why is it important? - ✔✔Spanning Tree Protocol
prevents loops in Ethernet networks by blocking redundant paths and choosing the shortest path.
