A Concise Introduction to Logic Test Bank (PDF) | (2026) Logic Questions | 14th Ed | Patrick J. Hurley | Ch. 1–14 |Florida Gulf Coast University|

TEST BANK g




A Concise Introduction to Logic
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14th Edition by HurleyChapter 1 to 14
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TESTBANK g

,TABLEOFCONTENTS g g




Part I: INFORMAL LOGIC.
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1. Basic Concepts.
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Arguments,gPremises,gandgConclusions.gExercise.gRecognizinggArguments.gExercise.gDeductiongandgInduction.gExercise.gValidity,gTruth,gSoundness,
ength,gCogency.gExercise.gArgumentgForms:gProvinggInvalidity.gExercise.gExtendedgArguments.gExercise.

2. Language: Meaning and Definition.
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VarietiesgofgMeaning.gExercise.gThegIntensiongandgExtensiongofgTerms.gExercise.gDefinitionsgandgTheirgPurposes.gExercise.gDefinitionalgTechnique
xercise.gCriteriagforgLexicalgDefinitions.gExercise.

3. Informal Fallacies.
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FallaciesgingGeneral.gExercise.gFallaciesgofgRelevance.gExercise.gFallaciesoofgWeakgInduction.gExercise.gFallaciesgofgPresumption,gAmbiguity,gandg
itgTransference.gExercise.gFallaciesgingOrdinarygLanguage.gExercise.

Part II: FORMAL LOGIC.
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4. Categorical Propositions.
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ThegComponentsgofgCategoricalgPropositions.gExercise.gQuality,oQuantity,gandgDistribution.gExercise.gVenngDiagramsgandgthegModerngSquaregofgO
osition.g Exercise.g Conversion,g Obversion,oandgContraposition.g Exercise.g Theg Traditionalg Squareg ofg Opposition.g Exercise.g VenngDiagramsgangdgt
TraditionalgStandpoint.gExercise.gTranslatinggOrdinarygLanguagegStatementsgintogCategoricalgForm.gExercise.

5. Categorical Syllogisms.
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StandardgForm,gMood,gandgFigure.gExercise.gVenngDiagrams.gExercise.gRulesgandgFallacies.gExercise.gReducinggthegNumbergofgTerms.gExercise.g
dinarygLanguagegArguments.gExercise.gEnthymemes.gExercise.gSorites.gExercise.

6. Propositional Logic.
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SymbolsgandgTranslation.gExercise.gTruthgFunctions.gExercise.gTruthgTablesgforgPropositions.gExercise.gTruthgTablesgforgArguments.gExercise.gIndirec
uthgTables.gExercise.gArgumentgFormsgandgFallacies.gExercise.

7. Natural Deduction in Propositional Logic.
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RulesgofgImplicationgI.gExercise.gRulesoofgImplicationgII.gExercise.gRulesgofgReplacementgI.gExercise.gRulesgofgReplacementoII.gExercise.gConditionalg
oof.gExercise.gIndirectgProof.gExercise.gProvinggLogicalgTruths.gExercise.

8. Predicate Logic.
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SymbolsgandgTranslation.gExercise.gUsinggthegRulesgofgInference.gExercise.gQuantifiergNegationgRule.gExercise.gConditionalgandgIndirectgProof.gEx
cise.gProvinggInvalidity.gExercise.gRelationalgPredicatesgandgOverlappinggQuantifiers.gExercise.gIdentity.gExercise.

Part III: INDUCTIVE LOGIC.
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9. Analogy and Legal and Moral Reasoning.
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AnalogicalgReasoning.gLegalgReasoning.gMoralgReasoning.gExercise.

10. Causality and Mill's Methods.
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,"Cause"gandgNecessarygandgSufficientgConditions.gMill'sgFivegMethods.gMill'sgMethodsoandgScience.gExercise.

11. Probability.
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Theoriesg ofg Probability.g ThegProbabilityg Calculus.g Exercise.

12. Statistical Reasoning.
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EvaluatinggStatistics.gSamples.gThegMeaninggofg"Average."gDispersion.gGraphsgandgPictograms.gPercentages.gExercise.

13. Hypothetical/Scientific Reasoning.
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ThegHypotheticalgMethod.gHypotheticalgReasoning:gFourgExamplesgfromgScience.gThegProofgofgHypotheses.gThegTentativegAcceptancegofgHypothg
es.gExercise.

14. Science and Superstition.
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DistinguishinggBetweengSciencegandgSuperstition.gEvidentiarygSupport.gObjectivity.gIntegrity.gAbusinggScience.gExercise.gAnsw

ersgtogSelectedgExercises.

, Chapter 1 Test A
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MULTIPLEgCHOICE

INSTRUCTIONS:gThegfollowinggselectionsgrelategtogdistinguishinggargumentsgfromgnonargumentsgan
dgidentifyinggconclusions.gSelectgthegbestganswergforgeach.

1. Theregappearsgtogbegaggrowingghappinessggapgbetweengmengandgwomen.gWomengtodaygaregworkingg
moregandgrelaxinggless,gwhilegmengaregworkingglessgandgrelaxinggmore.gFortygyearsgagogagtypicalgwo
mangspentg40gminutesgmoregpergweekgthangthegtypicalgmangperforminggangactivitygconsideredgunplea
sant.gToday,gwithgmengworkinggless,gtheggapgisg90gminutesgandggrowing.
a. Argument;gconclusion:gTodayg...gtheggapgisg90gminutesgandggrowing.
b. Nonargument.
c. Argument;gconclusion:g Fortygyearsgagog...gangactivitygconsideredgunpleasant.
d. Argument;gconclusion:gTheregappearsgtogbeg...gbetweengmengandgwomen.
e. Argument;gconclusion:gWomengtodaygaregworkinggmoregandgrelaxinggless.
ANS:g D PTS:g 2

2. Leadgisgtoxic,gbutgdogyougknowgwhy?gLeadgisgtoxicgmainlygbecausegitgpreferentiallygreplacesgothergmet
alsgingbiochemicalgreactions.gIngsogdoinggitointerferesgwithgthegproteinsgthatoregulategbloodgpressureg (which
gcangcausegdevelopment gdelaysgingchildrengandghighgbloodgpressuregingadults),ghemegproductiong (whichgc

angleadgtoganemia),gandgspermgproduction.gLeadgalsogdisplacesgcalciumgingthegreactionsgthatgtransmito
electricalgimpulsesgingthegbrain,owhichgdiminishesgthegabilitygtogthinkgandgrecallginformation.
AnnegMariegHelmstine,g"YourgGuidegtogChemistry"
a. Argument;gconclusion:gItointerferesgwithgthegproteinsg...gandgspermgproduction.
b. Argument;gconclusion:gLeadgisgtoxic.
c. Nonargument.
d. Argument;g conclusion:g Itopreferentiallyg replacesg otherg metalsg ing biochemicalg reactions.
e. Argument;gconclusion:gLeadgalsogdisplacesgcalciumg...grecallginformation.
ANS:g C PTS:g 2

3. Aristotlegfocusedgongclarifyinggthegconceptgofgvirtuegitself.gHegarguedgthatgitgwasgvirtuousgtogchoosegtheg
propergamountgofgemotiongand/orgactiongcalledgforgingagparticulargsituationgandgthatgextremesgofgemoti
ongandgactiongweregvices.gIngallgcommunitiesgtheregaregsomegmengofgpracticalgwisdomgwhoghavegthegca
pacitygtogjudgegwisely.gAristotlegarguedgthatgtheyghavegthegcapacitygtogfollowgtheg"rightgrule"gwhateve
rgthegsituation.
DavidgCooper,gValuegPluralismgandgEthicalgChoice
a. Argument;gconclusion:gIngallgcommunitiesg...gcapacitygtogjudgegwisely.
b. Argument;gconclusion:g Aristotlegfocusedgongclarifyinggthegconceptg ofg virtuegitself.
c. Argument;gconclusion:gTheyghavegthegcapacitygtogfollowg...gthegsituation.
d. Argument;gconclusion:gHegarguedgthatgitgwasgvirtuousg...gweregvices
e. Nonargument.
ANS:g E PTS:g 2

4. Illegalgimmigrantsgpayglocalgsalesgtaxes,gandgmanygofgthemgalsogpaygstate,glocal,gandgfederalgincomegtaxg
andgSocialgSecuritygtax.gTheygalsogpurchasegitemsgfromglocalgmerchants,gincreasinggthegamountgthesegmerch
antsgpaygingtaxes.gInoaddition,gtheygworkgforglowgsalaries,gwhichgincreasesgthegearningsgofgtheirgemployer
soandgthegamountgofgtaxesgthesegemployersgpay.gThus,gitgisgnotgcorrectgtogsaygthatgillegalgimmigrantsgcontr
ibutegnothinggtogthegcommunitiesgingwhichgtheyglive.
a. Argument;gconclusion:gItgisgnotgcorrectgtogsayg...gcommunitiesgingwhichgtheyglive.




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