ABSITE- ADVANCED CLINICAL AND SURGICAL NUTRITION –
PRACTICE QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED ANSWERS (VERIFIED AND
WELL DETAILED ANSWERS) LATEST UPDATE 2025/2026
Which nutrient is poorly absorbed in achlorhydria?
a.) Vitamin D
b.) Vitamin B12
c.) Bile salts
d.) Proteins
e.) Fats - CORRECT ANSWER- (b)
Vitamin B12
Hypophosphatemia has been associated with all of the following EXCEPT:
a.) impaired diaphragmatic contractility
b.) treated diabetic ketoacidosis
c.) malabsorption coupled with carbohydrate refeeding
d.) chronic alcoholism
e.) respiratory muscle hyperresponsiveness - CORRECT ANSWER- (e)
,It is seen in patients with chronic alcoholism, diabetic ketoacidosis, sepsis, and
severe malnutrition after carbohydrate refeeding. It can also be seen in surgical
patients who are not receiving enough phosphate repletion from parenteral
nutrition. Hypophosphatemia causes muscle weakness, and probably affects the
diaphragm more than other muscles, therefore leading to respiratory failure.
Studies have shown lower contractility of the diaphragm
Phosphorus deficiency may lead to insulin resistance as well
What is the main nutrient for colonocytes?
a.) Glutamine
b.) Alanine
c.) Short chain fatty acids
d.) Glucose - CORRECT ANSWER- (c)
Short chain fatty acids
(Note: the primary fuel source though for enterocytes is glutamine)
What chemotherapy agent leads to pulmonary fibrosis?
a.) Doxorubicin
b.) Methotrexate
c.) Bleomycin
d.) Vincristine
e.) Cyclophosphamide - CORRECT ANSWER- (c)
,What is the most useful serum marker for cancer screening?
a.) PSA
b.) CEA
c.) AFP
d.) CA 19-9
e.) CA 15-3 - CORRECT ANSWER- (a)
All others are used for follow-up or diagnosis
What is the embryologic origin of the inferior parathyroid gland?
a.) 4th arch
b.) 4th pouch
c.) 3rd arch
d.) 3rd pouch - CORRECT ANSWER- (d)
Derivatives of the 3rd pouch include the inferior parathyroid glands and the
thymus. The main nerve supply is the glossopharyngeal nerve. Superior
parathyroids come from the 4th pouch
What is the cause of hypotension and decreased EtCO2 during laparoscopic
surgery
a.) Tension pneumothorax
, b.) Inferior vena cava compression
c.) CO2 embolus
d.) Anesthetic overdose - CORRECT ANSWER- (c)
Increased levels of glutamine are associated with all of the following EXCEPT:
a.) decreased incidence of clinical infections in patients receiving bone marrow
transplantation
b.) vitro suppression of hepatoma growth
c.) alleviation of depletion of muscle glutamine stores
d.) decreased glutathione levels in tumor cells during radiation therapy or
chemotherapy
e.) increased tumor growth in patients with advanced malignant disease -
CORRECT ANSWER- (e)
Glutamine, the most abundant amino acid in the body, can be trapped by a growing
tumor, depleting the body's glutamine stores and producing cachexia. A
prospective, randomized, double-blind trial demonstrated that patients undergoing
bone marrow transplantation had significantly decreased clinical infections when
they received supplemental glutamine. Glutamine also reduced the glutathione
levels in tumor cells of patients undergoing chemotherapy or radiation therapy. The
concern that administering glutamine would promote tumor growth has proven
unfounded.
Which of the following is an inhibitor of wound contraction?
a.) Aspirin
PRACTICE QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED ANSWERS (VERIFIED AND
WELL DETAILED ANSWERS) LATEST UPDATE 2025/2026
Which nutrient is poorly absorbed in achlorhydria?
a.) Vitamin D
b.) Vitamin B12
c.) Bile salts
d.) Proteins
e.) Fats - CORRECT ANSWER- (b)
Vitamin B12
Hypophosphatemia has been associated with all of the following EXCEPT:
a.) impaired diaphragmatic contractility
b.) treated diabetic ketoacidosis
c.) malabsorption coupled with carbohydrate refeeding
d.) chronic alcoholism
e.) respiratory muscle hyperresponsiveness - CORRECT ANSWER- (e)
,It is seen in patients with chronic alcoholism, diabetic ketoacidosis, sepsis, and
severe malnutrition after carbohydrate refeeding. It can also be seen in surgical
patients who are not receiving enough phosphate repletion from parenteral
nutrition. Hypophosphatemia causes muscle weakness, and probably affects the
diaphragm more than other muscles, therefore leading to respiratory failure.
Studies have shown lower contractility of the diaphragm
Phosphorus deficiency may lead to insulin resistance as well
What is the main nutrient for colonocytes?
a.) Glutamine
b.) Alanine
c.) Short chain fatty acids
d.) Glucose - CORRECT ANSWER- (c)
Short chain fatty acids
(Note: the primary fuel source though for enterocytes is glutamine)
What chemotherapy agent leads to pulmonary fibrosis?
a.) Doxorubicin
b.) Methotrexate
c.) Bleomycin
d.) Vincristine
e.) Cyclophosphamide - CORRECT ANSWER- (c)
,What is the most useful serum marker for cancer screening?
a.) PSA
b.) CEA
c.) AFP
d.) CA 19-9
e.) CA 15-3 - CORRECT ANSWER- (a)
All others are used for follow-up or diagnosis
What is the embryologic origin of the inferior parathyroid gland?
a.) 4th arch
b.) 4th pouch
c.) 3rd arch
d.) 3rd pouch - CORRECT ANSWER- (d)
Derivatives of the 3rd pouch include the inferior parathyroid glands and the
thymus. The main nerve supply is the glossopharyngeal nerve. Superior
parathyroids come from the 4th pouch
What is the cause of hypotension and decreased EtCO2 during laparoscopic
surgery
a.) Tension pneumothorax
, b.) Inferior vena cava compression
c.) CO2 embolus
d.) Anesthetic overdose - CORRECT ANSWER- (c)
Increased levels of glutamine are associated with all of the following EXCEPT:
a.) decreased incidence of clinical infections in patients receiving bone marrow
transplantation
b.) vitro suppression of hepatoma growth
c.) alleviation of depletion of muscle glutamine stores
d.) decreased glutathione levels in tumor cells during radiation therapy or
chemotherapy
e.) increased tumor growth in patients with advanced malignant disease -
CORRECT ANSWER- (e)
Glutamine, the most abundant amino acid in the body, can be trapped by a growing
tumor, depleting the body's glutamine stores and producing cachexia. A
prospective, randomized, double-blind trial demonstrated that patients undergoing
bone marrow transplantation had significantly decreased clinical infections when
they received supplemental glutamine. Glutamine also reduced the glutathione
levels in tumor cells of patients undergoing chemotherapy or radiation therapy. The
concern that administering glutamine would promote tumor growth has proven
unfounded.
Which of the following is an inhibitor of wound contraction?
a.) Aspirin
