PNB 2274 Exam1 2 3 and 4
Microvilli
✓ folding of the membrane that increase surface area for absorption
Function of Microvilli
✓ to increase surface area for absorption
Location of microvilli
✓ transport epithelia; kidney, intestine, some parts of the brain
Symporter
✓ secondary active transporter that allows two substances to travel in the same direction
Antiporter
✓ primary active pump that moves substances in opposite directions (ex. Na+ K+ pump)
Uniporter
✓ passive movement of one substance with concentration gradient
Epithelial Tissue Types
✓ secretory, protective, transport, ciliated, exchange
Secretory Epithelia
✓ cells are lined up in gland (as in sweat glands) and release sweat and other substances via
vesicles
Secretory Epithelia have a lot of (organelle types)
✓ golgi and endoplasmic reticulum (rough ER for protein, smooth ER for fat)
,Protective Epithelia
✓ have a lot of keratin and desmosomes that provide very strong, staple-like junctions
Function of Protective Epithelia
✓ to make sure our cells do not come apart with movement of the body
Type of junction in protective epithelia
✓ desmosomes
type of junction in transport epithelia
✓ tight junctions
4 Types of Junctions
✓ tight, adhering, desmosomes, gap junctions
Tight Junctions location
✓ more toward the apical surface of transporting epithelia
function of tight junctions
✓ prevent substances from moving between cells
structure of tight junctions
✓ ZO-1 binds with occludin (?)
Components of adhering junctions
✓ actin (intra) and cadherins (extracellular)
Location of adhering junctions
, ✓ deep to tight junctions, they encircle the cell immediately adjacent to all its neighbors
Location of desmosomes
✓ very common in epithelial cells
function of desmosomes
✓ hold together cells under a lot of stress
Button desmosomes function
✓ make sure the cells stay in place and do not pull off from one another and allow bending and
twisting
Mutation of proteins in hemidesmosomes can cause
✓ digestive issues (epithelial lining) as well as skin conditions
Structure of gap junctions
✓ provide a pore through the membrane to allow rapid communication between cells through
diffusion
How are gap junctions controlled
✓ transcription and translation
function of gap junctions
✓ homeostasis, cell growth and regeneration, embryonic development, electrical and metabolic
coupling
structure of a pore of a gap junction
✓ each pore has two hemichannels, each made up of 6 pore proteins
Exchange Epithelia
, ✓ have gaps but NOT gap junctions to allow for exchange of gases
location of exchange epithelia
✓ lungs, digestive system
Fact of Connective Tissues
✓ most abundant and widely distributed tissue type in the body
What can we call connective tissues
✓ the "glue" of the body
Structural components of connective tissues
✓ specialized cells, protein fibers, ground substance
extracellular matrix of connective tissue is made up of
✓ protein fibers and ground substance
specialized cell in bone
✓ osteocyte
specialized cell in cartilage
✓ chondrocyte
specialized cell in fat
✓ adipocyte
specific protein fibers in connective tissue
✓ elastic fibers, collagen, reticular fibers
Microvilli
✓ folding of the membrane that increase surface area for absorption
Function of Microvilli
✓ to increase surface area for absorption
Location of microvilli
✓ transport epithelia; kidney, intestine, some parts of the brain
Symporter
✓ secondary active transporter that allows two substances to travel in the same direction
Antiporter
✓ primary active pump that moves substances in opposite directions (ex. Na+ K+ pump)
Uniporter
✓ passive movement of one substance with concentration gradient
Epithelial Tissue Types
✓ secretory, protective, transport, ciliated, exchange
Secretory Epithelia
✓ cells are lined up in gland (as in sweat glands) and release sweat and other substances via
vesicles
Secretory Epithelia have a lot of (organelle types)
✓ golgi and endoplasmic reticulum (rough ER for protein, smooth ER for fat)
,Protective Epithelia
✓ have a lot of keratin and desmosomes that provide very strong, staple-like junctions
Function of Protective Epithelia
✓ to make sure our cells do not come apart with movement of the body
Type of junction in protective epithelia
✓ desmosomes
type of junction in transport epithelia
✓ tight junctions
4 Types of Junctions
✓ tight, adhering, desmosomes, gap junctions
Tight Junctions location
✓ more toward the apical surface of transporting epithelia
function of tight junctions
✓ prevent substances from moving between cells
structure of tight junctions
✓ ZO-1 binds with occludin (?)
Components of adhering junctions
✓ actin (intra) and cadherins (extracellular)
Location of adhering junctions
, ✓ deep to tight junctions, they encircle the cell immediately adjacent to all its neighbors
Location of desmosomes
✓ very common in epithelial cells
function of desmosomes
✓ hold together cells under a lot of stress
Button desmosomes function
✓ make sure the cells stay in place and do not pull off from one another and allow bending and
twisting
Mutation of proteins in hemidesmosomes can cause
✓ digestive issues (epithelial lining) as well as skin conditions
Structure of gap junctions
✓ provide a pore through the membrane to allow rapid communication between cells through
diffusion
How are gap junctions controlled
✓ transcription and translation
function of gap junctions
✓ homeostasis, cell growth and regeneration, embryonic development, electrical and metabolic
coupling
structure of a pore of a gap junction
✓ each pore has two hemichannels, each made up of 6 pore proteins
Exchange Epithelia
, ✓ have gaps but NOT gap junctions to allow for exchange of gases
location of exchange epithelia
✓ lungs, digestive system
Fact of Connective Tissues
✓ most abundant and widely distributed tissue type in the body
What can we call connective tissues
✓ the "glue" of the body
Structural components of connective tissues
✓ specialized cells, protein fibers, ground substance
extracellular matrix of connective tissue is made up of
✓ protein fibers and ground substance
specialized cell in bone
✓ osteocyte
specialized cell in cartilage
✓ chondrocyte
specialized cell in fat
✓ adipocyte
specific protein fibers in connective tissue
✓ elastic fibers, collagen, reticular fibers
