ECPI - BIO 111 - CH3 WITH COMPLETE
SOLUTIONS
Cells - ANSWER-is the basic unit of structure and function in the body . measured in
micrometers vary in size and shape ; structure and function are inter - related .
Nucleus - ANSWER-Contains genetic material ( DNA , directs cell's activities ( control
center of the cell )
Cytoplasm - ANSWER-A liquid called cytosol / intracellular fluid + organelles
Cell membrane / Plasma Membrane - ANSWER-The perimeter of the cell , part of the
living material , does a lot of transport .
Cell ( Plasma ) Membrane - ANSWER-Outer boundary of the cell Maintains integrity of
cell Separates intracellular fluid ( cytosol ) from extracellular fluid Selectively / Semi
permeable Regulates entry and exit of substances
Phospholipid bilayer : Cell membrane framework - ANSWER-Cell membrane framework
Water - soluble ( hydrophilic ) heads form surfaces Water - insoluble ( hydrophobic )
tails form interior Bilayer is permeable to lipid - soluble substances , but not to water -
soluble substances
Cholesterol - ANSWER-Stabilizes membrane , helps keep it impermeable to water -
soluble substances
Carbohydrates - ANSWER-Cell recognition and interaction , self markers
Cytoplasm - ANSWER-Consists of networks of membranes and organelles suspended
in cytosol Contains the cytoskeleton , a supporting framework of protein rods and
tubules
Organelles - ANSWER-tiny solid structures with specific functions in the cell
Cytosol - ANSWER-fluid portion of the cytoplasm
Ribosomes - ANSWER-Composed of protein and rRNA Free in cytoplasm or on rough
endoplasmic reticulum . Provide structural support and enzyme activity to link amino
acids in protein synthesis
Endoplasmic Reticulum - ANSWER-Membrane - bound sacs , canals , vesicles Tubular
transport system
, Rough endoplasmic reticulum - ANSWER-contains ribosomes , conducts protein
synthesis
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum - ANSWER-does not have ribosomes ; conducts lipid
synthesis AND carbohydrate synthesis ; enzymes that detoxify certain substance ( the
liver of the cell )
Vesicles - ANSWER-Membranous sacs that store or transport substances
Golgi Apparatus ( Packaging and Shipping Center of the Cell ) - ANSWER-Sacs of
flattened , membranous sacs . Refines , packages , and delivers proteins made on the
rough endoplasmic reticulum to the interior or exterior of the cell .
Mitochondria - ANSWER-Membrane - bound , fluid - filled sacs House chemical
reactions that extract energy from nutrients ( cellular respiration , which produces most
of our ATP , but you must have oxygen ) Called the " powerhouse of the cell "
Lysosomes The " Stomach " or " Garbage Disposal " of Cell - ANSWER-Small
membranous sacs Contain enzymes that digest proteins , carbohydrates , nucleic
acids , bacteria , debris , worn out cell parts " Garbage disposals " of cell
Nucleolus - ANSWER-Dense body of RNA and protein Site of ribosome production
Chromatin - ANSWER-Consists of cell's chromosomes , each containing DNA wound
around proteins ... in a loose configuration ... when it condenses for mitosis , we call
them " chromosomes Stores information for protein synthesis
Passive Transport Mechanisms - ANSWER-Do not require cellular energy ( ATP )
Simple Diffusion , osmosis , facilitated diffusion ( diffusion with help ... usually some kind
of channel or carrier portien , filtration
Simple Diffusion - ANSWER-Movement of atoms , molecules , or ions , from region of
higher concentration to region of lower concentration Occurs due to constant motion of
atoms , molecules , ions
Tonicity - ANSWER-Ability of a solution outside cell to alter water volume inside cell
Isotonic Solution - ANSWER-same osmotic pressure ; cells in an isotonic solution have
no net gain or loss of water
Microfilaments , Microtubules , and Intermediate Filaments - ANSWER-Thread - like
structures in cytoplasm that create the cytoskeleton
Microfilaments - ANSWER-Tiny rods of actin Provide cellular movement , such as
muscle contraction
SOLUTIONS
Cells - ANSWER-is the basic unit of structure and function in the body . measured in
micrometers vary in size and shape ; structure and function are inter - related .
Nucleus - ANSWER-Contains genetic material ( DNA , directs cell's activities ( control
center of the cell )
Cytoplasm - ANSWER-A liquid called cytosol / intracellular fluid + organelles
Cell membrane / Plasma Membrane - ANSWER-The perimeter of the cell , part of the
living material , does a lot of transport .
Cell ( Plasma ) Membrane - ANSWER-Outer boundary of the cell Maintains integrity of
cell Separates intracellular fluid ( cytosol ) from extracellular fluid Selectively / Semi
permeable Regulates entry and exit of substances
Phospholipid bilayer : Cell membrane framework - ANSWER-Cell membrane framework
Water - soluble ( hydrophilic ) heads form surfaces Water - insoluble ( hydrophobic )
tails form interior Bilayer is permeable to lipid - soluble substances , but not to water -
soluble substances
Cholesterol - ANSWER-Stabilizes membrane , helps keep it impermeable to water -
soluble substances
Carbohydrates - ANSWER-Cell recognition and interaction , self markers
Cytoplasm - ANSWER-Consists of networks of membranes and organelles suspended
in cytosol Contains the cytoskeleton , a supporting framework of protein rods and
tubules
Organelles - ANSWER-tiny solid structures with specific functions in the cell
Cytosol - ANSWER-fluid portion of the cytoplasm
Ribosomes - ANSWER-Composed of protein and rRNA Free in cytoplasm or on rough
endoplasmic reticulum . Provide structural support and enzyme activity to link amino
acids in protein synthesis
Endoplasmic Reticulum - ANSWER-Membrane - bound sacs , canals , vesicles Tubular
transport system
, Rough endoplasmic reticulum - ANSWER-contains ribosomes , conducts protein
synthesis
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum - ANSWER-does not have ribosomes ; conducts lipid
synthesis AND carbohydrate synthesis ; enzymes that detoxify certain substance ( the
liver of the cell )
Vesicles - ANSWER-Membranous sacs that store or transport substances
Golgi Apparatus ( Packaging and Shipping Center of the Cell ) - ANSWER-Sacs of
flattened , membranous sacs . Refines , packages , and delivers proteins made on the
rough endoplasmic reticulum to the interior or exterior of the cell .
Mitochondria - ANSWER-Membrane - bound , fluid - filled sacs House chemical
reactions that extract energy from nutrients ( cellular respiration , which produces most
of our ATP , but you must have oxygen ) Called the " powerhouse of the cell "
Lysosomes The " Stomach " or " Garbage Disposal " of Cell - ANSWER-Small
membranous sacs Contain enzymes that digest proteins , carbohydrates , nucleic
acids , bacteria , debris , worn out cell parts " Garbage disposals " of cell
Nucleolus - ANSWER-Dense body of RNA and protein Site of ribosome production
Chromatin - ANSWER-Consists of cell's chromosomes , each containing DNA wound
around proteins ... in a loose configuration ... when it condenses for mitosis , we call
them " chromosomes Stores information for protein synthesis
Passive Transport Mechanisms - ANSWER-Do not require cellular energy ( ATP )
Simple Diffusion , osmosis , facilitated diffusion ( diffusion with help ... usually some kind
of channel or carrier portien , filtration
Simple Diffusion - ANSWER-Movement of atoms , molecules , or ions , from region of
higher concentration to region of lower concentration Occurs due to constant motion of
atoms , molecules , ions
Tonicity - ANSWER-Ability of a solution outside cell to alter water volume inside cell
Isotonic Solution - ANSWER-same osmotic pressure ; cells in an isotonic solution have
no net gain or loss of water
Microfilaments , Microtubules , and Intermediate Filaments - ANSWER-Thread - like
structures in cytoplasm that create the cytoskeleton
Microfilaments - ANSWER-Tiny rods of actin Provide cellular movement , such as
muscle contraction
