ALPP CLC - Certified Lactation Counselor FINAL EXAM PREP 2025/2026 ACCURATE QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS || 100% GUARANTEED PASS <RECENT VERSION>

ALPP CLC - Certified Lactation Counselor FINAL EXAM PREP 2025/2026 ACCURATE QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS || 100% GUARANTEED PASS &lt;RECENT VERSION&gt; 1. Benefits of breastfeeding for mother - ANSWER Prevents myocardial infarction and aspects of metabolic syndrome Decreases risk of HTN, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, CVD, endometrial and ovarian cancer 2. WHO & UNICEF: Three strategies to increase breastfeeding - ANSWER Promotion Protection Support 3. Engorgement - ANSWER Swollen breasts often between days, two and four after birth, or later, if baby was born via cesarean section, can also happen in early weeks of babies, not feeling often or effectively enough 4. how to relieve engorgement - ANSWER Increase frequency and efficiency of feedings, allow excess milk to flow out of the breast via shower or bath, baby should be allowed to nurse until he, or she comes off spontaneously, gentle expression may believe, mild analgesics can be used 5. meconium - ANSWER first stool of the newborn Black, tarry 1-2 days of life 6. Transition stool - ANSWER Green/brown 2-3 days of life 7. Yellow/orange stool - ANSWER Mature breast milk stool Seedy 3-4 days of life 8. Exclusive breastfeeding - ANSWER Infant is receiving solely mother's milk Can have added vitamins, minerals, oral medications 9. Predominant breastfeeding - ANSWER Mother's milk and water, waterbased drinks, ritual foods (teas) 10.Breastfeeding - ANSWER Infant is receiving human milk and other foods or fluids including infant formula 11.Complementary feeding - ANSWER Between 6-23months, receiving both human milk and solid/semisolid food 12.Widstrom"s 9 Stages - ANSWER Stages a newborn goes through when placed skin-to-skin to prepare for feeding: 1. Birth cry 2. Relaxation 3. Awakening 4. Activity 5. Rest 6. Crawling/sliding 7. Familiarization 8. Suckling 9. Sleeping 13.Ten Steps to Successful Breastfeeding (Revised 2018) - ANSWER 1.a. Comply with International Code of Marketing of Breast-milk Substitutes and relevant World Health Assembly Resolutions 1.b. Have a written infant feeding policy that is routinely communicated to staff and patients 1.c. Establish ongoing monitoring and data-management systems 2. Ensure staff has sufficient knowledge, competence, and skills to support BF 3. Discuss importance and management of BF with pregnant women and families 4. Facilitate immediate and uninterrupted skin-to-skin contact and support mothers to initiate BF ASAP after birth 5. Support mothers to initiate and maintain BF and manage common difficulties 6. Do not provide newborns with any fluid or foods other than breastmilk unless medically indicated 7. Enable mothers and their infants to remain together and to practice rooming-in 8. Support mothers to recognize and respond to infants' cues for feeding 10.Counsel mothers on use and risk of feeding bottles, teats, and pacifiers 11.Coordinate d/c so that parents and infants have timely access to ongoing support and care 14.Baby Friendly Hospital Initiative - ANSWER -Importance of BF -Definition of exclusive BF and recommendations to maintain the first 6 months -Risks associated with formula feeding and other breastmilk substitutes -Role of breastfeeding beyond 6 months when complementary feeding begins -BF continues to be important after 6 months 15.Factors that discourage BF - ANSWER -Coupons, bags, free "gifts" from manufacturers of breastmilk substitutes -Advertisements on social media of substitutes as the cultural norm while BF is discouraged in public -Care providers, peers, family members who may discourage BF -Fear of pain and embarrassment -Fears about adequacy of milk supply -Fears about inadequacy of breast size or appearance 16.Factors that affect duration of BF - ANSWER -Scheduled, delayed, or "timed" feedings -Inadequate number of feedings -Inadequate transfer of breastmilk to the baby -Inverted nipple that does not evert -Concerns about perceived inadequacy of milk production (also common reason for introduction of substitutes and weaning foods before 6 months) -Breast surgery that has damaged lactiferous ducts and/or nipple innervation or circulation -Conditions that can impact baby's ability to feed effectively (prematurity, cleft lip, or palate) 17.Oversupply - ANSWER Signs & Symptoms: Baby often clamps down to slow flow of milk, rapid weight gain in baby, and many large explosive bowel movements, pain during feedings, baby is unsettled after feedings, and may spit-up/vomit large amounts of milk 18.Treatment: Reclined/semi-reclined position, nursing on one breast at a time, firm but not tight bra, collect and donate extra milk 19.What is Lactogenesis? - ANSWER The initiation of milk production 20.How many stages of Lactogensis are there? - ANSWER 4 21.What stages of Lactogenesis occur during pregnancy? - ANSWER 1 and 2 22.Lactogenesis 1 - ANSWER Ductal and Lobular-Alveolar systems grow at an accelerated rate (influenced by hormones) - breasts enlarge - high progesterone levels cause an increase in alveoli - colostrum begins to produce in the alveoli 23.Lactogenesis 2 - ANSWER The placenta is released from the uterus and progesterone levels drop - this causes the alveolar cells to begin to release milk and allows them to continue to produce more milk 24.How long does Lactogenesis 2 last? - ANSWER 2-4 days 25.What are the 5 main areas of the breast? - ANSWER - Upper Inner - Lower Inner - Upper Outer - Lower Outer - Tail of Spence 26.What are the 2 types of breast tissue and what are they composed of? - ANSWER - Parenchyma: ductal and lobular-alveolar structures - Strom: connective tissue (fat, vascular, nerve, lymphatic) 27.What is an Alveolus - ANSWER Small cavity where milk is produced and stored - made of epithelial cells 28.What are Alveoli? - ANSWER multiple alveolus 29.What is the Intra-lobular duct? - ANSWER Connects a lobule to the lactiferous ducts 30.What is a Mammary Lobule? - ANSWER 10-100 alveoli combined together 31.What are Lactiferous Ducts? - ANSWER connects mammary lobules/intra-lobular ducts to the nipple 32.What surrounds the breast tissue? - ANSWER Fat Nerves Lymph Tissue Vascular Network Myoepithelial Cells 33.What is the purpose of the Myoepithelial cells? - ANSWER They surround the alveolus and contract (like a muscle) - pushes milk out into the ducts 34.What is the purpose of the Vascular Network surrounding breast tissue? - ANSWER - supplies nutrients, materials, hormones to each alveolus for milk production - supplies hormones to the myoepithelial cells for ejection of milk 35.What is the purpose of fat surrounding breast tissue? - ANSWER protection support provides space for growth 36.What purpose do nerves serve in the breasts? - ANSWER Intercostal nerves 3, 4 and 5 deal with breast tissue - innervation to the nipple (T4) tells the brain to produce oxytocin when breast feeding - emptying of the alveolus tells the breast to make more milk 37.What are Montgomery's Tubercles? - ANSWER Glands that secrete an antibacterial-like substance that protects the nipples and areola. - found on the nipple and areola - enlarge during pregnancy 38.When does Lactogenesis occur? - ANSWER day 10-14 postpartum - when mature milk is established - lasts until mom is ready to wean from breastfeeding 39.Lactogenesis 4 - ANSWER involution - milk production is decreased by apoptosis of the milk making epithelial cells 40.What is the job of Prolactin? - ANSWER Milk production 41.Where is prolactin released? - ANSWER the anterior pituitary gland into the blood stream to the alveoli 42.What is the main inhibitor of prolactin? - ANSWER progesterone 43.When is prolactin released? - ANSWER When the placenta detaches, progesterone levels decrease and prolactin levels increase 44.What are some other purposes of prolactin? - ANSWER - keeps alveoli glued together - inhibits ovulation 45.Remaining fragments of placenta can cause what problem in breastfeeding? - ANSWER delay/decrease the release of prolactin 46.What is the job of oxytocin? - ANSWER milk release (the let-down reflex) - tells the myoepithelial cells (and the uterus) to contract and move milk to the ducts and out the breast 47.Where is oxytocin released? - ANSWER the posterior pituitary gland via many stimuli 48.Name some of the stimuli used to release both Oxytocin and Prolactin - ANSWER - nipple stretching - massaging the breasts - "conditioned response": Seeing/ Touching/ Smelling/ Hearing the infant 49.How often does the let-down reflex occur? - ANSWER several times during a feeding 50.What are some signs of Prolactin/Oxytocin release? - ANSWER cramping thirst leaking pins and needles increased bleeding sleepy sometimes, nothing 51.Does stress play a role in hormone release? - ANSWER stress can inhibit hormonal release - high levels of cortisol/catacholamines reduce oxytocin levels 52.List some ways to reduce stress for breastfeeding - ANSWER remove visitors turn lights out skin to skin sleep massage aroma therapy side lying 53.How does bioavailability in nutrients compare in BF to formula? - ANSWER bioavailability of nutrients is much higher in human milks than other foods or supplements 54.Most important modifiable risk factors for child allergy are: - ANSWER 1) maternal smoking 2) type of infant feeding 3) cesarean birth 4) consumption of allergenic foods in pregnancy may reduce allergies/ asthma in children 55.Three strategies for ending breastfeeding: - ANSWER 1) parent led weaning 2) baby led weaning 3) society led weaning ng strike - ANSWER sudden halt to breastfeeding there is milk something "wrong" in babies life (stress, separation, illness, teething) 57.Benefits of BF-SIDS - ANSWER EBF at 1 month, decreased SIDS rate 50% & after 2months +, BF has protective effect against 58.Race Disparities w/ BF - ANSWER black moms are less likely to meet BF goals, more likely to have aggressive breast cancers 59.Benefits of BM for premies - ANSWER faster brain maturation rapid maturation in intestinal barrier function significantly lower odds of incidence of NEC & death 60.Parent-led weaning - ANSWER Parent(s) choose to end BF 61.Baby-led weaning - ANSWER BF goes to on-request only system