NUR109 Foundations in Nursing Practice
Comprehensive Final Exam (Qns & Ans)
2025
Question 1
_Advanced nursing theory integration:_
Which nursing framework best describes the dynamic interplay
between the individual, environment, and the holistic nature of
care?
A. Orem’s Self‑Care Deficit Theory
B. Roy’s Adaptation Model
C. Watson’s Theory of Human Caring
D. Neuman’s Systems Model
ANS: D. Neuman’s Systems Model
Rationale: Neuman’s Systems Model conceptualizes the patient
as an open system interacting with external stressors. It promotes
©2025
,comprehensive prevention and intervention strategies—a
foundational concept for modern nursing practice.
---
Question 2
_Evidence‑based practice essentials:_
Which statement best reflects evidence‑based practice (EBP) in
nursing?
A. Reliance exclusively on clinical intuition
B. Integration of best research evidence with clinical expertise
and patient values
C. Solely conducting randomized controlled trials
D. Following traditional protocols without question
ANS: B. Integration of best research evidence with clinical
expertise and patient values
Rationale: EBP is defined by the deliberate merging of current
research, clinical know‑how, and the unique preferences of
patients, thereby driving quality and safety in care delivery.
---
©2025
, Question 3
_Quality improvement in clinical settings:_
Which quality improvement model is most commonly used to test
changes and enhance patient outcomes in a cyclical manner?
A. Root Cause Analysis
B. Fishbone (Ishikawa) Diagram
C. Plan‑Do‑Study‑Act (PDSA) Cycle
D. Six Sigma
ANS: C. Plan‑Do‑Study‑Act (PDSA) Cycle
Rationale: The PDSA cycle offers a structured, iterative
framework for implementing and evaluating changes in practice,
making it central to continuous improvement initiatives in
nursing.
---
Question 4
_Leadership approaches in advanced practice:_
Which leadership strategy best reflects transformational
leadership in nursing?
©2025
, A. Empowering team members through shared vision and
continuous professional development
B. Relying on strict hierarchical and authoritarian decision
making
C. Maintaining a laissez‑faire attitude with minimal input
D. Prioritizing transactional rewards over long‑term vision
ANS: A. Empowering team members through shared vision
and continuous professional development
Rationale: Transformational leadership inspires innovation and
engagement by developing a collaborative environment that
values growth, which is essential for advanced nursing roles.
---
Question 5
_Ethical decision‑making:_
A nurse faces a conflict between family wishes and an existing
patient advance directive. Which ethical principle should guide
the nurse’s decision-making process?
A. Beneficence
B. Autonomy
C. Non‑maleficence
©2025
Comprehensive Final Exam (Qns & Ans)
2025
Question 1
_Advanced nursing theory integration:_
Which nursing framework best describes the dynamic interplay
between the individual, environment, and the holistic nature of
care?
A. Orem’s Self‑Care Deficit Theory
B. Roy’s Adaptation Model
C. Watson’s Theory of Human Caring
D. Neuman’s Systems Model
ANS: D. Neuman’s Systems Model
Rationale: Neuman’s Systems Model conceptualizes the patient
as an open system interacting with external stressors. It promotes
©2025
,comprehensive prevention and intervention strategies—a
foundational concept for modern nursing practice.
---
Question 2
_Evidence‑based practice essentials:_
Which statement best reflects evidence‑based practice (EBP) in
nursing?
A. Reliance exclusively on clinical intuition
B. Integration of best research evidence with clinical expertise
and patient values
C. Solely conducting randomized controlled trials
D. Following traditional protocols without question
ANS: B. Integration of best research evidence with clinical
expertise and patient values
Rationale: EBP is defined by the deliberate merging of current
research, clinical know‑how, and the unique preferences of
patients, thereby driving quality and safety in care delivery.
---
©2025
, Question 3
_Quality improvement in clinical settings:_
Which quality improvement model is most commonly used to test
changes and enhance patient outcomes in a cyclical manner?
A. Root Cause Analysis
B. Fishbone (Ishikawa) Diagram
C. Plan‑Do‑Study‑Act (PDSA) Cycle
D. Six Sigma
ANS: C. Plan‑Do‑Study‑Act (PDSA) Cycle
Rationale: The PDSA cycle offers a structured, iterative
framework for implementing and evaluating changes in practice,
making it central to continuous improvement initiatives in
nursing.
---
Question 4
_Leadership approaches in advanced practice:_
Which leadership strategy best reflects transformational
leadership in nursing?
©2025
, A. Empowering team members through shared vision and
continuous professional development
B. Relying on strict hierarchical and authoritarian decision
making
C. Maintaining a laissez‑faire attitude with minimal input
D. Prioritizing transactional rewards over long‑term vision
ANS: A. Empowering team members through shared vision
and continuous professional development
Rationale: Transformational leadership inspires innovation and
engagement by developing a collaborative environment that
values growth, which is essential for advanced nursing roles.
---
Question 5
_Ethical decision‑making:_
A nurse faces a conflict between family wishes and an existing
patient advance directive. Which ethical principle should guide
the nurse’s decision-making process?
A. Beneficence
B. Autonomy
C. Non‑maleficence
©2025
