Unit 4: Civil Rights, Voting/Elections,
and the Budget Process Exam 2025
Questions and Answers
13th Amendment - ✔✔amendment making slavery illegal
14th Amendment - ✔✔amendment granting citizenship to all people born in the U.S.,
and guarantees equal protection of the laws
15th Amendment - ✔✔amendment granting all men the vote, regardless of race
19th Amendment - ✔✔amendment granting the right to vote to citizens regardless of
gender
24th Amendment - ✔✔amendment making the poll tax illegal
ADA Act of 1990 - ✔✔Americans with Disabilities Act, legislation prohibiting
segregation against disabled citizens
Affirmative Action - ✔✔action designed to reverse the damages of segregation
Americans with Disabilities Act - ✔✔Americans with Disabilities Act, legislation
prohibiting segregation against disabled citizens
Black Codes - ✔✔Southern laws passed after the Civil War to discriminate against
African-Americans
COPYRIGHT © 2025 BY OLIVIA WEST, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 1
, Brown v. Board of Education - ✔✔segregation illegal in schooling; segregated facilities
are inherently unequal
Busing - ✔✔assigning students to schools using school buses
Civil Disobedience - ✔✔disobeying some civil laws in order to protest something
Civil Rights - ✔✔the rights of citizens to political and social freedom and equality
Civil Rights Act of 1964 - ✔✔legislation passed making segregation in public places
illegal
De Facto Segregation - ✔✔segregation that is not commanded by law
De Jure Segregation - ✔✔segregation that is commanded by law
Defense of Marriage Act - ✔✔legislation officially defining marriage as union of man
and woman; ruled unconstitutional
Dredd Scott v. Sanford - ✔✔slaves can't be citizens
Equal Pay Act - ✔✔legislation guaranteeing equal pay for men and women
Equal Protection Clause - ✔✔clause of 14th Amendment guaranteeing equal protection
of laws to all residents of a state
Equal Rights Amendment - ✔✔proposed amendment to prevent gender discrimination;
passed Congress but not states
Glass Celling - ✔✔unofficial barrier to advancement in a profession
Grandfather Clause - ✔✔discrimination law that exempted people with voting ancestry
from voting tests
Heart of Atlanta Motel v. US - ✔✔Congress can enforce the Civil Rights Act because of
the commerce clause
COPYRIGHT © 2025 BY OLIVIA WEST, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 2
and the Budget Process Exam 2025
Questions and Answers
13th Amendment - ✔✔amendment making slavery illegal
14th Amendment - ✔✔amendment granting citizenship to all people born in the U.S.,
and guarantees equal protection of the laws
15th Amendment - ✔✔amendment granting all men the vote, regardless of race
19th Amendment - ✔✔amendment granting the right to vote to citizens regardless of
gender
24th Amendment - ✔✔amendment making the poll tax illegal
ADA Act of 1990 - ✔✔Americans with Disabilities Act, legislation prohibiting
segregation against disabled citizens
Affirmative Action - ✔✔action designed to reverse the damages of segregation
Americans with Disabilities Act - ✔✔Americans with Disabilities Act, legislation
prohibiting segregation against disabled citizens
Black Codes - ✔✔Southern laws passed after the Civil War to discriminate against
African-Americans
COPYRIGHT © 2025 BY OLIVIA WEST, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 1
, Brown v. Board of Education - ✔✔segregation illegal in schooling; segregated facilities
are inherently unequal
Busing - ✔✔assigning students to schools using school buses
Civil Disobedience - ✔✔disobeying some civil laws in order to protest something
Civil Rights - ✔✔the rights of citizens to political and social freedom and equality
Civil Rights Act of 1964 - ✔✔legislation passed making segregation in public places
illegal
De Facto Segregation - ✔✔segregation that is not commanded by law
De Jure Segregation - ✔✔segregation that is commanded by law
Defense of Marriage Act - ✔✔legislation officially defining marriage as union of man
and woman; ruled unconstitutional
Dredd Scott v. Sanford - ✔✔slaves can't be citizens
Equal Pay Act - ✔✔legislation guaranteeing equal pay for men and women
Equal Protection Clause - ✔✔clause of 14th Amendment guaranteeing equal protection
of laws to all residents of a state
Equal Rights Amendment - ✔✔proposed amendment to prevent gender discrimination;
passed Congress but not states
Glass Celling - ✔✔unofficial barrier to advancement in a profession
Grandfather Clause - ✔✔discrimination law that exempted people with voting ancestry
from voting tests
Heart of Atlanta Motel v. US - ✔✔Congress can enforce the Civil Rights Act because of
the commerce clause
COPYRIGHT © 2025 BY OLIVIA WEST, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 2
