NU3079 – Nursing Exam 2025
Questions and Answers
What is the Pathophysiology of endometriosis? - ✔✔Growth of endometrial tissue
outside or inside the uterus (areas include the uterus, pelvis, abdomianl cavity, lymph
nodes, kidney, bladder, colon, eyelids, lungs).
What number of women have endometriosis? - ✔✔1 in 10
Clinical manifestations of endometriosis - ✔✔Pelvic pain, painful BM, dyspareunia,
infertility, palpable pelvic mass, dysmenorrhea, menorrhagia, dysuria
Diagnostic investigations of endometriosis - ✔✔Can take 7-10 years from the start of
symptoms to accurately diagnose, laparoscopic procedure showing abnormal growth of
endometrial tissue (via biopsy & histology report)
Causes / risk factors of endometriosis - ✔✔Idiopathic, vaginal atresia
Complications of endometriosis - ✔✔Pain, infertility, dyspareunia, four times more
likely to develop rheumatoid arthritis
Treatment for endometriosis - ✔✔Hormonal
- Hormonal contraceptive (helps control hormone responsible for buildup of
endometrial tissue each month)
COPYRIGHT © 2025 BY OLIVIA WEST, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 1
,- Gonadotropin releasing hormone analogs (blocks the production of ovarian
stimulating hormone & prevents menstruation which causes endometrial tissue to
shrink) - like birth control the ability to get pregnant returns after DC
- Anti-progesterone (reduces ovarian
- Synthetic testosterone therapy (e.g. Danazol) (stops the release of FSH)
Surgical
- Laparscopic surgical removal of tissue (only cure, increases chance of pregnancy,
effective in mild - moderate disease)
- Hysterectomy (only if lesions are in uterus)
Example of synthetic testosterone drug used to treat endometriosis - ✔✔Danazol
Nursing diagnosis for endometriosis - ✔✔Risk of pain r/t abnormal formation of
uterine tissue / dyspareunia, anxiety r/t dyspareunia, constipation
Pathophysiology of a uterine prolapse - ✔✔Displacement of the uterus
Retroversion - uterus is directed backwards
Retroflection - uterus is curved backwards
First degree - cervix is still in vagina
Second degree - the uterus appears outside the vulva
Third degree - uterus lies outside of he vagina
COPYRIGHT © 2025 BY OLIVIA WEST, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 2
,Clinical manifestations of a uterine prolapse - ✔✔Pelvic / lower back / right iliac / left
iliac pain, dysmenorrhea, recurrent UTI, menorrhagia, fatigue, malaise, dyspareunia,
pressure / fullness in pelvis, constipation
Diagnostic investigations of a uterine prolapse - ✔✔Manual palpation
Causes / risk factors of a uterine prolapse - ✔✔Presence of a cyst, fibroids,
endometriosis, idiopathic, family hx, multiple vaginal deliveries, vaginal birth to large
baby
Complications of a uterine prolapse - ✔✔Infection, spontaneous abortion, pre-term
labor, UTI
Treatment of a uterine prolapse - ✔✔First degree - Manchester repair (shortening of
transverse ligament & usually amputation of the elongated cervix)
Second degree - prolapse surgical repair
Third degree - hysterectomy
Post-op complications of a uterine repair - ✔✔Standard + dyspareunia, urinary
retention, UTI, loss of bladder tone, constipation, strain on healing ligaments & muscles,
recurrence of prolapse, stress incontinence
Pathophysiology of fibroids - ✔✔Also known as uterine myomas / leiomyomas /
fibromas. Firm compact tumors that are made of smooth muscle cells & fibrous CT that
develop in the uterus. Growths are typically benign.
COPYRIGHT © 2025 BY OLIVIA WEST, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 3
, Clinical manifestations of fibroids - ✔✔Pain, menorrhagia, asymptomatic,
metrorohagia, pelvic pain, polyuria, lower back pain, palpable mass, dyspareunia,
anemia (due to heavy / long periods)
Diagnostic investigations of fibroids - ✔✔X-ray, transvaginal ultrasound, MRI,
hysterscopy + endometrial biopsy, FBC (anemia)
Causes of Fibroids / Leiomyoma - ✔✔Idiopathic, decreased estrogen production,
menopause, obesity =, nuliparity (women who hasn't given birth)
Complications of fibroids - ✔✔Infertility, polyuria, constipation, anemia
Treatment of fibroids - ✔✔- Watchful waiting (as most fibroids stop growing or may
even shrink as the woman approaches menopause)
Surgery
- Hysterectomy
- Myomectomy (surgical removal of fibroids, uterus remains intact)
- Uterine artery embolizaton (cuts off blood supply & shrinks fibroid)
Hormones
- Gonadotropin releasing hormone agonist (lowers levels of estrogen & triggers medical
menopause, shrinks fibroids)
- Synthetic testosterone therapy (e.g. Danazol) (stops the release of FSH)
Pathophysiology of glaucoma - ✔✔Irreversible damage to the optic nerve due to
increased intraoccular pressure
COPYRIGHT © 2025 BY OLIVIA WEST, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 4
Questions and Answers
What is the Pathophysiology of endometriosis? - ✔✔Growth of endometrial tissue
outside or inside the uterus (areas include the uterus, pelvis, abdomianl cavity, lymph
nodes, kidney, bladder, colon, eyelids, lungs).
What number of women have endometriosis? - ✔✔1 in 10
Clinical manifestations of endometriosis - ✔✔Pelvic pain, painful BM, dyspareunia,
infertility, palpable pelvic mass, dysmenorrhea, menorrhagia, dysuria
Diagnostic investigations of endometriosis - ✔✔Can take 7-10 years from the start of
symptoms to accurately diagnose, laparoscopic procedure showing abnormal growth of
endometrial tissue (via biopsy & histology report)
Causes / risk factors of endometriosis - ✔✔Idiopathic, vaginal atresia
Complications of endometriosis - ✔✔Pain, infertility, dyspareunia, four times more
likely to develop rheumatoid arthritis
Treatment for endometriosis - ✔✔Hormonal
- Hormonal contraceptive (helps control hormone responsible for buildup of
endometrial tissue each month)
COPYRIGHT © 2025 BY OLIVIA WEST, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 1
,- Gonadotropin releasing hormone analogs (blocks the production of ovarian
stimulating hormone & prevents menstruation which causes endometrial tissue to
shrink) - like birth control the ability to get pregnant returns after DC
- Anti-progesterone (reduces ovarian
- Synthetic testosterone therapy (e.g. Danazol) (stops the release of FSH)
Surgical
- Laparscopic surgical removal of tissue (only cure, increases chance of pregnancy,
effective in mild - moderate disease)
- Hysterectomy (only if lesions are in uterus)
Example of synthetic testosterone drug used to treat endometriosis - ✔✔Danazol
Nursing diagnosis for endometriosis - ✔✔Risk of pain r/t abnormal formation of
uterine tissue / dyspareunia, anxiety r/t dyspareunia, constipation
Pathophysiology of a uterine prolapse - ✔✔Displacement of the uterus
Retroversion - uterus is directed backwards
Retroflection - uterus is curved backwards
First degree - cervix is still in vagina
Second degree - the uterus appears outside the vulva
Third degree - uterus lies outside of he vagina
COPYRIGHT © 2025 BY OLIVIA WEST, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 2
,Clinical manifestations of a uterine prolapse - ✔✔Pelvic / lower back / right iliac / left
iliac pain, dysmenorrhea, recurrent UTI, menorrhagia, fatigue, malaise, dyspareunia,
pressure / fullness in pelvis, constipation
Diagnostic investigations of a uterine prolapse - ✔✔Manual palpation
Causes / risk factors of a uterine prolapse - ✔✔Presence of a cyst, fibroids,
endometriosis, idiopathic, family hx, multiple vaginal deliveries, vaginal birth to large
baby
Complications of a uterine prolapse - ✔✔Infection, spontaneous abortion, pre-term
labor, UTI
Treatment of a uterine prolapse - ✔✔First degree - Manchester repair (shortening of
transverse ligament & usually amputation of the elongated cervix)
Second degree - prolapse surgical repair
Third degree - hysterectomy
Post-op complications of a uterine repair - ✔✔Standard + dyspareunia, urinary
retention, UTI, loss of bladder tone, constipation, strain on healing ligaments & muscles,
recurrence of prolapse, stress incontinence
Pathophysiology of fibroids - ✔✔Also known as uterine myomas / leiomyomas /
fibromas. Firm compact tumors that are made of smooth muscle cells & fibrous CT that
develop in the uterus. Growths are typically benign.
COPYRIGHT © 2025 BY OLIVIA WEST, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 3
, Clinical manifestations of fibroids - ✔✔Pain, menorrhagia, asymptomatic,
metrorohagia, pelvic pain, polyuria, lower back pain, palpable mass, dyspareunia,
anemia (due to heavy / long periods)
Diagnostic investigations of fibroids - ✔✔X-ray, transvaginal ultrasound, MRI,
hysterscopy + endometrial biopsy, FBC (anemia)
Causes of Fibroids / Leiomyoma - ✔✔Idiopathic, decreased estrogen production,
menopause, obesity =, nuliparity (women who hasn't given birth)
Complications of fibroids - ✔✔Infertility, polyuria, constipation, anemia
Treatment of fibroids - ✔✔- Watchful waiting (as most fibroids stop growing or may
even shrink as the woman approaches menopause)
Surgery
- Hysterectomy
- Myomectomy (surgical removal of fibroids, uterus remains intact)
- Uterine artery embolizaton (cuts off blood supply & shrinks fibroid)
Hormones
- Gonadotropin releasing hormone agonist (lowers levels of estrogen & triggers medical
menopause, shrinks fibroids)
- Synthetic testosterone therapy (e.g. Danazol) (stops the release of FSH)
Pathophysiology of glaucoma - ✔✔Irreversible damage to the optic nerve due to
increased intraoccular pressure
COPYRIGHT © 2025 BY OLIVIA WEST, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 4
