IntroductiontoCryptography-D334ShawnC839v5/D334All-In-OneStud ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
Guide
1. Changingplaintextinto ciphertext ji ji ji
(Shouldbe applied in at rest and in transit):Encryption ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
2. Changingciphertext to plaintext:Decryption ji ji ji ji
3. EncryptindividualfilesandfulldiskswithoptionssuchasBitLockerand ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
FileVault: Aescrypt
ji ji
4. Mappingfromouralphabettoanumberofcipheralphabets. ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
Added complexity in early cryptosystems.: Polyalphabetic
ji ji ji ji ji ji
5. Singlemappingfromouralphabettoacipheralphabetiscreated. Many ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
early cryptosystems.: Mono-Alphabetic
ji ji ji
6. Consideredun-breakablesinceitonlyusesitsciphercodeonce.:One-Time Pad ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
7. Methodrepeatstherandomnumbersafteragiventime.(periodic) They ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
are fast and deterministic.
ji ji ji ji
Usefulinproducingrepeatablesetofrandomnumbers.:Pseudo-RandomNum-ber
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
Generators (PRNGs)
ji ji
8. Method generates a true random number and uses some form of random ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
process.Oneapproachistomonitorthemovementsofamousepointerona screen
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
orfromthepausesbetweenkeystrokes.Overall,themethodisgener- ally slow,
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
especially if it involves human interaction,but is non-deterministic and
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
aperiodic.: True Random Number Generators (TRNGs)
ji ji ji ji ji ji
9. Ciphercrackingmethodologythatinvolvesidentifyingpatternsandvaria- ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
tions in the probability of codes.
ji ji ji ji ji ji
i.e.athree-lettercipheredtextcombinationspottedatthebeginningofastringtoo
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
often could tip us off that those three letters correlate the lettersTHE in the English
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
alphabet.: Frequency Analysis
ji ji ji
10. measureslevel of unpredictability:Entropy ji ji ji ji
11. Twocommonbinarytocharactersencodingmethods:ASCII(8bitvalue,up to ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
256 characters)
ji ji
UTF-16(16bitvalues,up to65,536characters) ji ji ji ji ji ji
12. 8bit value,upto256characters:ASCII
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
13. 16bitvalue,upto65,536characters:UTF-16 ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
14. Tamper-evident and intrusion-resistant physical device that safeguards and ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
managescryptographickeysandprovidescryptographicprocessing.:-
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
Hardware Security Module (HSM)
ji ji ji ji
15. Which encryption is more efficient?:Hardware ji ji ji ji ji
16. Dedicatedprocessorthathandleshardware-levelencryption;allowsthe use ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
of full disk encryption on a hard drive in a manner that minimizes the
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
1/ 9 ji ji
, IntroductiontoCryptography-D334ShawnC839v5/D334All-In-OneStud ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
Guide
impact on system performance. ji ji ji
Containstheencryptionkeys.:Trustedplatformmodule(TPM) ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
17. valuewhich onlyhas factorsof1 and itself:Prime Number ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
18. Determinethelikelihoodofaneventhappening,typicallybyunderstandingthe ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
chances of how each of the elements involved in an event interact,and the
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
likelihood of them happening. >> Dependent, Independent, and mutually
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
exclusive: Probability
ji ji
19. Mono-alphabeticsubstitutioncipherthatmakesuseofmappingplaintext ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
characterstographicalcharactersratherthantoalphabeticones.i.e.A=(pick a
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
symbol),vs A=(pick a letter).Disadvantage:once the mapping is known,it is
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
difficult to keep the message secret.: Pigpen
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
20. 5 × 5 matrix containing the alphabet less the letter J. Cipher/decipher process
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
consistsofasetofrulesoutlininguseofcolumnandrowcombina- tions.: Playfair
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
21. Mono-alphabetic substitution cipher known as "shift" cipher.Involves ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
plaintext being replaced by a letter some fixed number of positions down the
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
alphabet.i.e.,usingashiftof+3wouldmeanaplaintextletterAwould result in a
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
ciphertext letter D (a shift of three positions to the right in the alphabet): Caesar
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
22. Polyalphabeticcipherthatinvolvesusingadifferentmapping,basedon a ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
keyword,for each character of the cipher.An advantage of this type of cipher is
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
that the same plaintext character is likely to be coded to different
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
mappings,dependingonthepositionofthekeyword,makingguessingmore ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
difficult.: Vigenère
ji ji
23. Uses four 5 × 5 matrices arranged in a square,are where each matrix contains
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
25lettersforencodinganddecodingoperations.:Four-squareCipher
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
24. Used a polyalphabetic substitution cipher,which did not repeat within a
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
reasonabletimeperiod,alongwithasecretkey.Forthecrackingofthecipher, the
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
challengewasthustodetermineboththealgorithmusedandthekey.Main
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
weakness,though,wasthatnoneoftheplaintextletterscouldbecipheredas itself.:
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
Enigma Machine
ji ji
25. The issue with symmetric cryptography since the same key is used for
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
encryptionanddecryption.:Findingasecurewaytoshareortransportthekey
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
between the entity encrypting and the one decrypting.
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
26. Widelyusedkeyexchangealgorithmusedtoexchangethesecretkeyin ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
symmetric cryptography.: Diffie-Hellman
ji ji ji
27. Twotypesofsymmetricencryption:Block&Streamji ji ji ji ji ji ji
2/ 9 ji ji
Guide
1. Changingplaintextinto ciphertext ji ji ji
(Shouldbe applied in at rest and in transit):Encryption ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
2. Changingciphertext to plaintext:Decryption ji ji ji ji
3. EncryptindividualfilesandfulldiskswithoptionssuchasBitLockerand ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
FileVault: Aescrypt
ji ji
4. Mappingfromouralphabettoanumberofcipheralphabets. ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
Added complexity in early cryptosystems.: Polyalphabetic
ji ji ji ji ji ji
5. Singlemappingfromouralphabettoacipheralphabetiscreated. Many ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
early cryptosystems.: Mono-Alphabetic
ji ji ji
6. Consideredun-breakablesinceitonlyusesitsciphercodeonce.:One-Time Pad ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
7. Methodrepeatstherandomnumbersafteragiventime.(periodic) They ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
are fast and deterministic.
ji ji ji ji
Usefulinproducingrepeatablesetofrandomnumbers.:Pseudo-RandomNum-ber
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
Generators (PRNGs)
ji ji
8. Method generates a true random number and uses some form of random ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
process.Oneapproachistomonitorthemovementsofamousepointerona screen
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
orfromthepausesbetweenkeystrokes.Overall,themethodisgener- ally slow,
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
especially if it involves human interaction,but is non-deterministic and
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
aperiodic.: True Random Number Generators (TRNGs)
ji ji ji ji ji ji
9. Ciphercrackingmethodologythatinvolvesidentifyingpatternsandvaria- ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
tions in the probability of codes.
ji ji ji ji ji ji
i.e.athree-lettercipheredtextcombinationspottedatthebeginningofastringtoo
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
often could tip us off that those three letters correlate the lettersTHE in the English
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
alphabet.: Frequency Analysis
ji ji ji
10. measureslevel of unpredictability:Entropy ji ji ji ji
11. Twocommonbinarytocharactersencodingmethods:ASCII(8bitvalue,up to ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
256 characters)
ji ji
UTF-16(16bitvalues,up to65,536characters) ji ji ji ji ji ji
12. 8bit value,upto256characters:ASCII
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
13. 16bitvalue,upto65,536characters:UTF-16 ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
14. Tamper-evident and intrusion-resistant physical device that safeguards and ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
managescryptographickeysandprovidescryptographicprocessing.:-
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
Hardware Security Module (HSM)
ji ji ji ji
15. Which encryption is more efficient?:Hardware ji ji ji ji ji
16. Dedicatedprocessorthathandleshardware-levelencryption;allowsthe use ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
of full disk encryption on a hard drive in a manner that minimizes the
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
1/ 9 ji ji
, IntroductiontoCryptography-D334ShawnC839v5/D334All-In-OneStud ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
Guide
impact on system performance. ji ji ji
Containstheencryptionkeys.:Trustedplatformmodule(TPM) ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
17. valuewhich onlyhas factorsof1 and itself:Prime Number ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
18. Determinethelikelihoodofaneventhappening,typicallybyunderstandingthe ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
chances of how each of the elements involved in an event interact,and the
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
likelihood of them happening. >> Dependent, Independent, and mutually
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
exclusive: Probability
ji ji
19. Mono-alphabeticsubstitutioncipherthatmakesuseofmappingplaintext ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
characterstographicalcharactersratherthantoalphabeticones.i.e.A=(pick a
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
symbol),vs A=(pick a letter).Disadvantage:once the mapping is known,it is
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
difficult to keep the message secret.: Pigpen
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
20. 5 × 5 matrix containing the alphabet less the letter J. Cipher/decipher process
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
consistsofasetofrulesoutlininguseofcolumnandrowcombina- tions.: Playfair
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
21. Mono-alphabetic substitution cipher known as "shift" cipher.Involves ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
plaintext being replaced by a letter some fixed number of positions down the
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
alphabet.i.e.,usingashiftof+3wouldmeanaplaintextletterAwould result in a
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
ciphertext letter D (a shift of three positions to the right in the alphabet): Caesar
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
22. Polyalphabeticcipherthatinvolvesusingadifferentmapping,basedon a ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
keyword,for each character of the cipher.An advantage of this type of cipher is
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
that the same plaintext character is likely to be coded to different
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
mappings,dependingonthepositionofthekeyword,makingguessingmore ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
difficult.: Vigenère
ji ji
23. Uses four 5 × 5 matrices arranged in a square,are where each matrix contains
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
25lettersforencodinganddecodingoperations.:Four-squareCipher
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
24. Used a polyalphabetic substitution cipher,which did not repeat within a
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
reasonabletimeperiod,alongwithasecretkey.Forthecrackingofthecipher, the
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
challengewasthustodetermineboththealgorithmusedandthekey.Main
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
weakness,though,wasthatnoneoftheplaintextletterscouldbecipheredas itself.:
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
Enigma Machine
ji ji
25. The issue with symmetric cryptography since the same key is used for
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
encryptionanddecryption.:Findingasecurewaytoshareortransportthekey
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
between the entity encrypting and the one decrypting.
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
26. Widelyusedkeyexchangealgorithmusedtoexchangethesecretkeyin ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
symmetric cryptography.: Diffie-Hellman
ji ji ji
27. Twotypesofsymmetricencryption:Block&Streamji ji ji ji ji ji ji
2/ 9 ji ji
