AP Statistics Review Exam Questions
And Detailed Answers.
Addition Rule - Answer P(A ∪ B) = P(A) + P(A) - P(A ∩ B) aids in computing the chances of one
of several events occurring at a given time.
Alpha (α) - Answer The probability of a Type I error. See significance level.
Alternative Hypothesis - Answer The hypothesis stating what the researcher is seeking
evidence of. A statement of inequality. It can be written looking for the difference or change in
one direction from the null hypothesis or both.
Association - Answer Relationship between or among variables.
Back-Transform - Answer The process by which values are substituted into a model of
transformed data, and then reversing the transforming process to obtain the predicted value or
model for nontransformed data.
Bar Chart - Answer A graphical display used with categorical data, where frequencies for each
category are shown in vertical bars.
Bell-Shaped - Answer Often used to describe the normal distribution. See mound-shaped.
Beta (β) - Answer The probability of a Type II error. See power.
Bias - Answer The term for systematic deviation from the truth (parameter), caused by
systematically favoring some outcomes over others.
Biased - Answer A sampling method is biased if it tends to produce samples that do not
represent the population.
Bimodal - Answer A distribution with two clear peaks.
, the probability of a success is constant for each trial, and (d) for which each trial is independent
of other trials.
Bins - Answer The intervals that define the "bars" of a histrogram.
Bivariate Data - Answer Consists of two variables, an explanatory and a response variable,
usually quantitative.
Blinding - Answer Practice of denying knowledge to subjects about which treatment is
imposed upon them.
Blocks - Answer Subgroups of the experimental units that are separated by some characteristic
before treatments are assigned because they may respond differently to the treatments.
Box-And-Whisker Plot/Boxplot - Answer A graphical display of the five-number summary of a
set of data, which also shows outliers.
Categorical Variable - Answer A variable recorded as labels, names, or other non-numerical
outcomes.
Census - Answer A study that observes, or attempts to observe, every individual in a
population.
Central Limit Theorem - Answer As the size n of a simple random sample increases, the shape
of the sampling distribution of x̄ tends toward being normally distributed.
Chance Device - Answer A mechanism used to determine random outcomes.
Cluster Sample - Answer A sample in which a simple random sample of heterogeneous
subgroups of a population is selected.
Clusters - Answer Heterogeneous subgroups of a population.
Coefficient of Determination (r²) - Answer Percent of variation in the response variable
And Detailed Answers.
Addition Rule - Answer P(A ∪ B) = P(A) + P(A) - P(A ∩ B) aids in computing the chances of one
of several events occurring at a given time.
Alpha (α) - Answer The probability of a Type I error. See significance level.
Alternative Hypothesis - Answer The hypothesis stating what the researcher is seeking
evidence of. A statement of inequality. It can be written looking for the difference or change in
one direction from the null hypothesis or both.
Association - Answer Relationship between or among variables.
Back-Transform - Answer The process by which values are substituted into a model of
transformed data, and then reversing the transforming process to obtain the predicted value or
model for nontransformed data.
Bar Chart - Answer A graphical display used with categorical data, where frequencies for each
category are shown in vertical bars.
Bell-Shaped - Answer Often used to describe the normal distribution. See mound-shaped.
Beta (β) - Answer The probability of a Type II error. See power.
Bias - Answer The term for systematic deviation from the truth (parameter), caused by
systematically favoring some outcomes over others.
Biased - Answer A sampling method is biased if it tends to produce samples that do not
represent the population.
Bimodal - Answer A distribution with two clear peaks.
, the probability of a success is constant for each trial, and (d) for which each trial is independent
of other trials.
Bins - Answer The intervals that define the "bars" of a histrogram.
Bivariate Data - Answer Consists of two variables, an explanatory and a response variable,
usually quantitative.
Blinding - Answer Practice of denying knowledge to subjects about which treatment is
imposed upon them.
Blocks - Answer Subgroups of the experimental units that are separated by some characteristic
before treatments are assigned because they may respond differently to the treatments.
Box-And-Whisker Plot/Boxplot - Answer A graphical display of the five-number summary of a
set of data, which also shows outliers.
Categorical Variable - Answer A variable recorded as labels, names, or other non-numerical
outcomes.
Census - Answer A study that observes, or attempts to observe, every individual in a
population.
Central Limit Theorem - Answer As the size n of a simple random sample increases, the shape
of the sampling distribution of x̄ tends toward being normally distributed.
Chance Device - Answer A mechanism used to determine random outcomes.
Cluster Sample - Answer A sample in which a simple random sample of heterogeneous
subgroups of a population is selected.
Clusters - Answer Heterogeneous subgroups of a population.
Coefficient of Determination (r²) - Answer Percent of variation in the response variable
