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Exam (elaborations)

NUR 603- Exam 2 newest (133 questions) with verified solutions

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NUR 603- Exam 2 newest (133 questions) with verified solutions

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NUR 603- Exam 2 newest (133
questions) with verified
solutions

What is a mechanical barrier in our body's first line defense? - correct answer ✔Linings in
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the gastrointestinal, genitourinary, and respiratory tracts.
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What is your first line of immunity defense referred to as? - correct answer ✔Innate
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immunity/resistance


What is a physical barrier in our body's first line defense? - correct answer ✔Skin
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




Example of mechanical barrier. - correct answer ✔Goblet cells in the respiratory tract
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produce mucous that traps microorganisms and they are then removed by cilia coughing
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and sneezing
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What is a biochemical barrier in our body's first line defense? - correct answer ✔•saliva,
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tears, earwax, sweat, and sebum
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•Antimicrobial peptides ||||||




•Normal bacterial flora |||||| ||||||




What is the role of normal flora? - correct answer ✔Gut flora: Aid in digestion. Help to
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absorb certain minerals. They keep pathogens from sticking to epithelia lining by competing
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




other with other pathogens for nutrients. Produce chemicals that Inhibit bacteria growth.
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,How do saliva , tears and sweat combat infection? - correct answer ✔-Aid in removal and
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have antibacterial/anti fungal properties
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-Lysosomes in tears, saliva and sweat- attacks walls of gram + bacteria |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




What is your second line of immunity defense referred to as? - correct answer
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




✔Inflammation


Describe the inflammatory response. |||||| |||||| ||||||




Where does it occur? |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




How long does it take to be activated?
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Does it depend on cellular activity , chemical activity, or both?
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Is it specific or non specific? - correct answer ✔o Occurs in tissues with a blood supply
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o Is activated rapidly
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o Depends on the activity of both cellular and chemical components, including plasma
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proteins
o Is nonspecific
|||||| ||||||




What are the objectives of the inflammatory response? - correct answer ✔1) limit the
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




extent of tissue damage |||||| |||||| ||||||




2) destroy contaminating infectious microorganisms
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3) initiate the adaptive immune response, and begin the healing process
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When does the vascular response occur? - correct answer ✔After any injury i.e. infection or
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




necrosis.


What are the three characteristic changes in the microcirculation near the site of infection?
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




- correct answer ✔1) Vasodilation
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2) Increased vascular permeability
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, 3) WBC adherence to the inner walls of the vessels and migrate through enlarged junctions
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within the vessels into the surrounding tissues.
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




What are the three key components to the plasma protein system? - correct answer ✔1)
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




Complement system |||||| ||||||




2)Clotting system |||||| ||||||




3)Kinin system ||||||




The complement system is most effective against. what pathogen? - correct answer
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




✔Bacterial infections ||||||




What are the 3 different pathways of activation for the complement cascade? - correct
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




answer ✔1)Classical: activated by antibodies bound to antigens
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2)Lectin: activated by mannose containing bacterial carbohydrates
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3)Alternative: activated by gram (-) bacteria and fungal |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




What are opsonins? - correct answer ✔Molecules that coat bacteria and increases
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




susceptibility to phagocytosis via neutrophils and macrophages. |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




What is the purpose of chemotactic factors? - correct answer ✔Transportation! They help
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




move different mediators into the site.
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




What is the role of anaphylatoxins? - correct answer ✔Rapid mast cell degranulation and
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




the release of histamine, causing vasodilation and increased capillary permeability.
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




What is the role of the coagulation cascade ? - correct answer ✔•PreventS the spread of
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




infection
•Keeps microorganisms and foreign bodies at the site of greatest inflammatory cell activity
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•Forms a clot that stops bleeding |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




•Provides a framework for repair and healing |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||

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