PSY 352-EXAM 1 with correct answers
What is personality? - 🔹CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔a. An
individuals characteristic pattern of thinking, acting and feeling
How would you describe the traits vs. situationism debate? -
🔹CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔-Situationism: view of personality
that view behavior as a function of the situation, not internal traits.
"multiple selves"
-Traits: intuitive appeal of perspective
psychoanalytic - 🔹CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔unconscious forces
trait - 🔹CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔stable, defining characteristics
biological - 🔹CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔inherited predispositions,
physiological processes
humanistic - 🔹CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔self actualization,
growth
,behavioral - 🔹CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔conditions, learned
expectations
cognitive - 🔹CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔information processing
What is self-report data, and what are its strengths and
weaknesses? - 🔹CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Ask someone about
themselves ( 20 statement test)
Strengths: access to info others don't have (anxiety, self-esteem,
goals)
Weaknesses: do people have accurate self knowledge and will they
be honest
How does social desirability influence the validity of self-report
data? - 🔹CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔It is the tendency to answer in
attractive/likable ways (lying, distorted, self-perception). You can
control this by using a forced questionnaire. Ex: Crownes marlow
scale. Do you like soft or crunchy food?
What is observer-report data, and what are its strengths and
weaknesses? - 🔹CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Ask someone else
,about that person
Strengths: access to info not available to person, multiple
perspective
Weaknesses: biased by own personality experiences with a person
What is test data, and what are its strengths and weaknesses? -
🔹CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Puts people in identical situation
Strengths: controlled situation, allows hypothesis testing
Weaknesses: possibility of participants, researcher bias
What is life-outcome data, and what are its strengths and
weaknesses? - 🔹CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Examines life events
(marriage, divorce, jobs) Use S & O data to predict L data
What does it mean to say that a psychological measure is reliable,
valid, and generalizable? - 🔹CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Reliability:
consistent results
Valid: measures what it claims to measure
Generalization: applies to whole population
What is descriptive research, and what are its strengths and
, weaknesses? - 🔹CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔In-depth examination
of an individuals personality
Strengths: lots of detail, good source for ideas to test in larger
groups
Weaknesses: low generalization
What is a correlation? - 🔹CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Is the
measure of how closely related 2 variables are (how much they
predict one another)
Strengths: demonstrates covariation, easy to do, low cost, when a
variable cannot be manipulated
Weaknesses: correlation does not imply causation
3rd variable problem
Correlation coefficient - 🔹CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Statistic
between -1 and +1 that indicates direction and size of correlation
What is the difference between positive, negative, and zero
correlations? - 🔹CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔-Positive: increase in 1
variable predicts increase in other (height & weight, health &
income level, studying & GPA)
What is personality? - 🔹CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔a. An
individuals characteristic pattern of thinking, acting and feeling
How would you describe the traits vs. situationism debate? -
🔹CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔-Situationism: view of personality
that view behavior as a function of the situation, not internal traits.
"multiple selves"
-Traits: intuitive appeal of perspective
psychoanalytic - 🔹CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔unconscious forces
trait - 🔹CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔stable, defining characteristics
biological - 🔹CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔inherited predispositions,
physiological processes
humanistic - 🔹CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔self actualization,
growth
,behavioral - 🔹CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔conditions, learned
expectations
cognitive - 🔹CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔information processing
What is self-report data, and what are its strengths and
weaknesses? - 🔹CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Ask someone about
themselves ( 20 statement test)
Strengths: access to info others don't have (anxiety, self-esteem,
goals)
Weaknesses: do people have accurate self knowledge and will they
be honest
How does social desirability influence the validity of self-report
data? - 🔹CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔It is the tendency to answer in
attractive/likable ways (lying, distorted, self-perception). You can
control this by using a forced questionnaire. Ex: Crownes marlow
scale. Do you like soft or crunchy food?
What is observer-report data, and what are its strengths and
weaknesses? - 🔹CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Ask someone else
,about that person
Strengths: access to info not available to person, multiple
perspective
Weaknesses: biased by own personality experiences with a person
What is test data, and what are its strengths and weaknesses? -
🔹CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Puts people in identical situation
Strengths: controlled situation, allows hypothesis testing
Weaknesses: possibility of participants, researcher bias
What is life-outcome data, and what are its strengths and
weaknesses? - 🔹CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Examines life events
(marriage, divorce, jobs) Use S & O data to predict L data
What does it mean to say that a psychological measure is reliable,
valid, and generalizable? - 🔹CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Reliability:
consistent results
Valid: measures what it claims to measure
Generalization: applies to whole population
What is descriptive research, and what are its strengths and
, weaknesses? - 🔹CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔In-depth examination
of an individuals personality
Strengths: lots of detail, good source for ideas to test in larger
groups
Weaknesses: low generalization
What is a correlation? - 🔹CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Is the
measure of how closely related 2 variables are (how much they
predict one another)
Strengths: demonstrates covariation, easy to do, low cost, when a
variable cannot be manipulated
Weaknesses: correlation does not imply causation
3rd variable problem
Correlation coefficient - 🔹CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Statistic
between -1 and +1 that indicates direction and size of correlation
What is the difference between positive, negative, and zero
correlations? - 🔹CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔-Positive: increase in 1
variable predicts increase in other (height & weight, health &
income level, studying & GPA)
