Pathophysiology (NR283) Study
Guide Exam 1
Hyperplasia
Increase in number of cells - results in enlarged tissue mass
Cause of hyperplasia
Compensatory mechanism to meet increased demand or pathologic when
there is a hormonal imbalance
In some cases ________ and _______ can occur simultaneously, as in the
uterine enlargement that occurs during pregnancy
Hyperplasia and hypertrophy
Metaplasia
Mature cell type that is replaced by a different mature cell type
Adaptive mechanism that provides more resistance tissue
Example of metaplasia
Smoker cells
Dysplasia
,Abnormal growth or development of a tissue or organ
Cells vary in size and shape within a tissue
Large nuclei are frequently present
Rate of mitosis is increased
Causes of dysplasia
Chronic irritation
Infection
Precancerous change
Neoplasia
"New growth" or tumor
Ischemia
Deficient of oxygen in the cells
Most common cause of cell damage
Ischemia
Hypoxia
Deficiency in amount of oxygen in the tissues
, Causes of cell damage
- Ischemia
- Hypoxia
- Physical damage (excessive heat or cold; radiation exposure)
- Mechanical damage (pressure of tearing tissue)
- Chemical toxins
- Microorganisms
- Abnormal metabolites
- Nutritional deficits
- Imbalance of fluids or electrolytes
Stages of cell damage
Reversible and irreversible
Reversible cell damage
Alteration of metabolic reaction, temporary loss of function
Guide Exam 1
Hyperplasia
Increase in number of cells - results in enlarged tissue mass
Cause of hyperplasia
Compensatory mechanism to meet increased demand or pathologic when
there is a hormonal imbalance
In some cases ________ and _______ can occur simultaneously, as in the
uterine enlargement that occurs during pregnancy
Hyperplasia and hypertrophy
Metaplasia
Mature cell type that is replaced by a different mature cell type
Adaptive mechanism that provides more resistance tissue
Example of metaplasia
Smoker cells
Dysplasia
,Abnormal growth or development of a tissue or organ
Cells vary in size and shape within a tissue
Large nuclei are frequently present
Rate of mitosis is increased
Causes of dysplasia
Chronic irritation
Infection
Precancerous change
Neoplasia
"New growth" or tumor
Ischemia
Deficient of oxygen in the cells
Most common cause of cell damage
Ischemia
Hypoxia
Deficiency in amount of oxygen in the tissues
, Causes of cell damage
- Ischemia
- Hypoxia
- Physical damage (excessive heat or cold; radiation exposure)
- Mechanical damage (pressure of tearing tissue)
- Chemical toxins
- Microorganisms
- Abnormal metabolites
- Nutritional deficits
- Imbalance of fluids or electrolytes
Stages of cell damage
Reversible and irreversible
Reversible cell damage
Alteration of metabolic reaction, temporary loss of function
