BIOLOGY EXAM 2 REVIEW
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
What is an autotroph? - ANSWER-make all organic matter from nutrients that are
inorganic
What is a heterotroph? - ANSWER-can't make organic molecules from inorganic
What is the difference between cellular respiration and breathing? - ANSWER-
cellular respiration: harvest energy stored in sugars by using O2 to convert the
energy stored in bonds into ATP
breathing: exchanges these gases between blood and air
What is the relationship between photosynthesis and cellular respiration? -
ANSWER-photosynthesis takes in CO2 and releases O2, fueling cellular respiration
which takes in O2 and expels CO2
What is the equation for photosynthesis? - ANSWER--6CO2 + 6H2O → C6H12O6
+6O2
What is the equation for cellular respiration? - ANSWER-C6H12O6 +6O2 → 6CO2
+6H2O +ATP
Where does photosynthesis occur? - ANSWER-chloroplasts
Know where the reactants and products of cellular respiration and photosynthesis
come from and are used. - ANSWER-photosynthesis gets energy from sun to make
organic molecules, CO2 from air through leaves, H2O soil from roots; cellular
respiration uses glucose and oxygen to make ATP, CO2 +H2O are waste products
What is an electron transport chain used for? - ANSWER-transfers electrons to
organic fuel to NAD+, making in NADH. ETC: series of redox reactions leads o the
production of ATP
What occurs at each step of photosynthesis? - ANSWER-light reactions:
chlorophasts absorb light energy and convert it to ATP to chemical energy
(chlorophyll in the thylakoid membrane) ATP (drives work) and NADPH. Water is
split giving off O2
Calvin cycle: "synthesis" uses products of light reactions to produce sugars from
CO2. ATP gives energy, NADPH provides electrons for reducitons of CO2 to glucose
Why are plants green? - ANSWER-chlorophyll
what colors are responsible for photosynthesis? - ANSWER-red and blue/ orange
and violet
What are alternative forms of photosynthesis? - ANSWER-C3, C4 CAM plants:
stomata partially or fully closed to prevent water loss
, What is fermentation? - ANSWER-anaerobic harvest of feed energy
when does anaerobic respiration occur? - ANSWER-ATP used up faster than O2
delivery
How much energy is made at each step of cellular respiraion? - ANSWER-
Glycolysis: 2; CAC: 2; ETC: 28; 38 max per glucose
How much energy is made in anaerobic respiration? - ANSWER-2 ATP
Where does new energy come from? - ANSWER-chemical reactions, it creates ATP
for cellular work
What is the second law of thermodynamics? - ANSWER-if energy leaves the system,
potential energy will be less than that of the initial state (entrophy)
What is entrophy? - ANSWER-measure of disorder and randomness
How do you make a reaction go that requires energy? - ANSWER-breaks down
organic fuel into smaller waste molecules, releasing energy
What is activation energy? - ANSWER-the energy that activates the reactants in a
chemical reaction. Triggers reaction to proceed
What is an enzyme and how do they work? - ANSWER-enzymes lower the activation
energy for chemical reactions, recognizes substrate, and changes shape (induced
fit)
What factors affect how well enzymes will work? - ANSWER-specific enzyme shape,
ability to function repeatedly
How does an enzyme inhibitor work? - ANSWER-disrupt metabolic function by
inhibiting reactions, acting as imposters, changing shape by binding at a remote site
What is ATP and what is it used for? - ANSWER-Adenosine triphosphae, energy that
is currently in cells, breakdown of organic molecules generates molecules of ATP
How do you get energy from ATP? - ANSWER-release of phosphate at tail and
transfers to power cells, ADP
What is the difference between diffusion and osmosis? - ANSWER-diffusion: passive
transport, molecules spread to avaliable space
osmosis: passive transport of water across a selectively permeable membrane
What is hyper, hypo, and isotonic? - ANSWER-hyper: higher concentration of solute
hypo: lower concentration of solute
iso: equal concentration of solute
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
What is an autotroph? - ANSWER-make all organic matter from nutrients that are
inorganic
What is a heterotroph? - ANSWER-can't make organic molecules from inorganic
What is the difference between cellular respiration and breathing? - ANSWER-
cellular respiration: harvest energy stored in sugars by using O2 to convert the
energy stored in bonds into ATP
breathing: exchanges these gases between blood and air
What is the relationship between photosynthesis and cellular respiration? -
ANSWER-photosynthesis takes in CO2 and releases O2, fueling cellular respiration
which takes in O2 and expels CO2
What is the equation for photosynthesis? - ANSWER--6CO2 + 6H2O → C6H12O6
+6O2
What is the equation for cellular respiration? - ANSWER-C6H12O6 +6O2 → 6CO2
+6H2O +ATP
Where does photosynthesis occur? - ANSWER-chloroplasts
Know where the reactants and products of cellular respiration and photosynthesis
come from and are used. - ANSWER-photosynthesis gets energy from sun to make
organic molecules, CO2 from air through leaves, H2O soil from roots; cellular
respiration uses glucose and oxygen to make ATP, CO2 +H2O are waste products
What is an electron transport chain used for? - ANSWER-transfers electrons to
organic fuel to NAD+, making in NADH. ETC: series of redox reactions leads o the
production of ATP
What occurs at each step of photosynthesis? - ANSWER-light reactions:
chlorophasts absorb light energy and convert it to ATP to chemical energy
(chlorophyll in the thylakoid membrane) ATP (drives work) and NADPH. Water is
split giving off O2
Calvin cycle: "synthesis" uses products of light reactions to produce sugars from
CO2. ATP gives energy, NADPH provides electrons for reducitons of CO2 to glucose
Why are plants green? - ANSWER-chlorophyll
what colors are responsible for photosynthesis? - ANSWER-red and blue/ orange
and violet
What are alternative forms of photosynthesis? - ANSWER-C3, C4 CAM plants:
stomata partially or fully closed to prevent water loss
, What is fermentation? - ANSWER-anaerobic harvest of feed energy
when does anaerobic respiration occur? - ANSWER-ATP used up faster than O2
delivery
How much energy is made at each step of cellular respiraion? - ANSWER-
Glycolysis: 2; CAC: 2; ETC: 28; 38 max per glucose
How much energy is made in anaerobic respiration? - ANSWER-2 ATP
Where does new energy come from? - ANSWER-chemical reactions, it creates ATP
for cellular work
What is the second law of thermodynamics? - ANSWER-if energy leaves the system,
potential energy will be less than that of the initial state (entrophy)
What is entrophy? - ANSWER-measure of disorder and randomness
How do you make a reaction go that requires energy? - ANSWER-breaks down
organic fuel into smaller waste molecules, releasing energy
What is activation energy? - ANSWER-the energy that activates the reactants in a
chemical reaction. Triggers reaction to proceed
What is an enzyme and how do they work? - ANSWER-enzymes lower the activation
energy for chemical reactions, recognizes substrate, and changes shape (induced
fit)
What factors affect how well enzymes will work? - ANSWER-specific enzyme shape,
ability to function repeatedly
How does an enzyme inhibitor work? - ANSWER-disrupt metabolic function by
inhibiting reactions, acting as imposters, changing shape by binding at a remote site
What is ATP and what is it used for? - ANSWER-Adenosine triphosphae, energy that
is currently in cells, breakdown of organic molecules generates molecules of ATP
How do you get energy from ATP? - ANSWER-release of phosphate at tail and
transfers to power cells, ADP
What is the difference between diffusion and osmosis? - ANSWER-diffusion: passive
transport, molecules spread to avaliable space
osmosis: passive transport of water across a selectively permeable membrane
What is hyper, hypo, and isotonic? - ANSWER-hyper: higher concentration of solute
hypo: lower concentration of solute
iso: equal concentration of solute
