BIOLOGY-HUMAN SYSTEMS EXAM
QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE
SOLUTIONS
pancreas - ANSWER-organ that is both an exocrine gland and an endocrine gland;
secretes digestive fluid and the hormones insulin and glucagen
liver - ANSWER-large organ that lies above stomach, secretes bile and stores
excess glucose in the form of glycogen
gallbladder - ANSWER-small sac in which bile is stored
large intestine - ANSWER-organ also known as the colon, that removes water from
undigested food that passes through it
respiratory system - ANSWER-group of organs working together to being about the
exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide with the environment
trachea - ANSWER-tube through which air passes from the pharynx to the lungs;
windpipe
larynx - ANSWER-structure at the top of the trachea that contains the vocal cords
bronchus - ANSWER-ringed tube that branches from the trachea and enters each
lung
lung - ANSWER-organ of respiration specialized for exchange of gasses between
blood and atmosphere
alveolus - ANSWER-air sacs at the end of the bronchiole where gas exchange
occurs
diaphragm - ANSWER-large, flat muscle involved in mechanics of breathing that lies
at the bottom of the rib cage
circulatory system - ANSWER-group of organs including the heart and blood vessels
that transports blood to all body cells
heart - ANSWER-hollow muscular organn that contracts at regular intervals forcing
blood through the circulatory system
artery - ANSWER-tough, flexible blood vessel that carries blood away from the heart
to the tissues of the body
capillary - ANSWER-small, thin-walled blood vessels that allows materials to diffuse
between the blood and the tissues
, vein - ANSWER-blood vessel that collects blood from the body and carries it back to
the heart
lymphatic system - ANSWER-network of vessels that collects fluids lost by the blood
and returns it to the circulatory system
blood - ANSWER-fluid medium of transport in the circulatory system
plasma - ANSWER-liquid part of blood that contains water, dissolved fats, sugars
and proteins
bone marrow - ANSWER-soft tissue in the cavities of bones
muscular system - ANSWER-system that provides movement to body and is
composed of tissues that contract when stimulated
skeletal muscle - ANSWER-tissue also known as striated muscle that is attached to
bones and is responsible for voluntary movement
smooth muscle - ANSWER-tissue made up of spindle-shaped cells that control
involuntary movements; found in internal organs and blood vessel walls
cardiac muscle - ANSWER-tissue made up by striated cells not under voluntary
control; found only in heart
integumentary system - ANSWER-protective system formed by skin and its
accessory organs
epidermis - ANSWER-in animals, outermost layer of skin; in plants, thin layer of root
tissue that takes in water and nutrients
dermis - ANSWER-innermost layer of skin beneath the dermis
digestive system - ANSWER-system that breaks down food into simple molecules
that can be absorbed into the body
esophagus - ANSWER-tube that connects the pharynx with the stomach
peristalsis - ANSWER-rhythmic muscular contractions that move food through the
digestive system
stomach - ANSWER-thick, muscular sac in which food is partially digested; located
just below the diaphragm in humans
pharynx - ANSWER-muscular, tubelike organ located at the back of the throat that
connects the mouth with the rest of the digestive tract
small intestine - ANSWER-digestive organ in which chyme from the stomach is
flooded with enzymes and digestive fluid; where most digestion takes place
QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE
SOLUTIONS
pancreas - ANSWER-organ that is both an exocrine gland and an endocrine gland;
secretes digestive fluid and the hormones insulin and glucagen
liver - ANSWER-large organ that lies above stomach, secretes bile and stores
excess glucose in the form of glycogen
gallbladder - ANSWER-small sac in which bile is stored
large intestine - ANSWER-organ also known as the colon, that removes water from
undigested food that passes through it
respiratory system - ANSWER-group of organs working together to being about the
exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide with the environment
trachea - ANSWER-tube through which air passes from the pharynx to the lungs;
windpipe
larynx - ANSWER-structure at the top of the trachea that contains the vocal cords
bronchus - ANSWER-ringed tube that branches from the trachea and enters each
lung
lung - ANSWER-organ of respiration specialized for exchange of gasses between
blood and atmosphere
alveolus - ANSWER-air sacs at the end of the bronchiole where gas exchange
occurs
diaphragm - ANSWER-large, flat muscle involved in mechanics of breathing that lies
at the bottom of the rib cage
circulatory system - ANSWER-group of organs including the heart and blood vessels
that transports blood to all body cells
heart - ANSWER-hollow muscular organn that contracts at regular intervals forcing
blood through the circulatory system
artery - ANSWER-tough, flexible blood vessel that carries blood away from the heart
to the tissues of the body
capillary - ANSWER-small, thin-walled blood vessels that allows materials to diffuse
between the blood and the tissues
, vein - ANSWER-blood vessel that collects blood from the body and carries it back to
the heart
lymphatic system - ANSWER-network of vessels that collects fluids lost by the blood
and returns it to the circulatory system
blood - ANSWER-fluid medium of transport in the circulatory system
plasma - ANSWER-liquid part of blood that contains water, dissolved fats, sugars
and proteins
bone marrow - ANSWER-soft tissue in the cavities of bones
muscular system - ANSWER-system that provides movement to body and is
composed of tissues that contract when stimulated
skeletal muscle - ANSWER-tissue also known as striated muscle that is attached to
bones and is responsible for voluntary movement
smooth muscle - ANSWER-tissue made up of spindle-shaped cells that control
involuntary movements; found in internal organs and blood vessel walls
cardiac muscle - ANSWER-tissue made up by striated cells not under voluntary
control; found only in heart
integumentary system - ANSWER-protective system formed by skin and its
accessory organs
epidermis - ANSWER-in animals, outermost layer of skin; in plants, thin layer of root
tissue that takes in water and nutrients
dermis - ANSWER-innermost layer of skin beneath the dermis
digestive system - ANSWER-system that breaks down food into simple molecules
that can be absorbed into the body
esophagus - ANSWER-tube that connects the pharynx with the stomach
peristalsis - ANSWER-rhythmic muscular contractions that move food through the
digestive system
stomach - ANSWER-thick, muscular sac in which food is partially digested; located
just below the diaphragm in humans
pharynx - ANSWER-muscular, tubelike organ located at the back of the throat that
connects the mouth with the rest of the digestive tract
small intestine - ANSWER-digestive organ in which chyme from the stomach is
flooded with enzymes and digestive fluid; where most digestion takes place
