PSYC 230 UIUC EXAM SCRIPT 2025 QUESTIONS WITH
ANSWERS GUARANTEE A+
✔✔FAI mechanoreceptors (fast) - ✔✔respond to low frequency vibrations ---> adjust
grip
-meissner
✔✔FAII mechanoreceptors (fast) - ✔✔when objects make contact with our skin
-pacinian
✔✔Thermoreceptors - ✔✔detect changes in temperature (cold and warm fibers)
✔✔kinesthetic receptors - ✔✔Mechanoreceptors in muscles, tendons, and joints
Play an important role in sense of where limbs are, what kinds of movements are made
✔✔Nociceptors - ✔✔pain receptors found in the dermis and epidermis
✔✔Itch Receptors - ✔✔consist of free nerve endings in the dermis
✔✔gentle touch receptors - ✔✔sense of love, receptors are closer to the top
✔✔Proprioception - ✔✔our sense of body position
✔✔Muscle spindles - ✔✔sense information about muscle length and muscle action
✔✔Joint receptors - ✔✔sense information regarding angle in our joints
✔✔Golgi tendon organs - ✔✔measure the force of a muscle's contraction
✔✔Pinocchio illusion - ✔✔Vibration of tendon creates the illusion of muscle stretch:
important to take vision away for this to work
✔✔Ian Waterman - ✔✔He has learned to imagine his movements and use his vision to
help position his limbs
✔✔pain - ✔✔unpleasant experience of actual or threatened tissue
✔✔Nociceptive pain - ✔✔pain resulting from tissue damage
✔✔neuropathic pain - ✔✔pain from damage to neurons of either the peripheral or
central nervous system
✔✔inflammatory pain - ✔✔caused by damage to tissues and joints or by tumor cells
, ✔✔Empathy pain - ✔✔feeling someone elses pain
✔✔Emotional pain - ✔✔no tissue damage but still feel pain
✔✔A-delta fibers - ✔✔myelinated nociceptors respond to heat and pressure (quick,
sharp pain)
✔✔C-Fibers - ✔✔unmyelinated nociceptors respond to extreme heat, cold, pressure,
and toxic chemicals (throbbing pain)
✔✔Gate Control Theory of Pain (Melzack and Wall Study) - ✔✔non-painful input closes
the nerve "gates" to painful input, which prevents pain sensation from traveling to the
central nervous system
✔✔two pain pathways - ✔✔-One sends "where" information to somatosensory cortex
-Another sends motivational and emotional information to the hypothalamus, amygdala,
and frontal lobe
✔✔somatosensory cortex - ✔✔area at the front of the parietal lobes that registers and
processes body touch and movement sensations (phantom limb syndrome)
✔✔Homunculus - ✔✔a maplike representation of regions of the body in the brain
✔✔Sub-organization of the Somatosensory cortex - ✔✔Area 1: tactile perception
Area 2: proprioception
Area 3A: proprioception + nociceptors
Area 3B: nociceptors + mechanoreceptors
✔✔"WHAT" channel - ✔✔S1---> S2: identification of touched objects
✔✔"WHERE" channel - ✔✔S1----> Parietal cortex (involved in the control of action)---->
Frontal lobe (premotor cortex)
✔✔over-sensitization vs desensitization - ✔✔over-enhancing response to stimuli vs
under-enhancing response to stimuli
✔✔Anterior Cingulate Cortex (ACC) - ✔✔a region of the brain associated with emotional
component of pain (unpleasant) (hypnosis studies)
✔✔analgesia - ✔✔processes that act to reduce the conscious pain experience
(extreme survival)
✔✔runner's high - ✔✔Endogenous opioids
ANSWERS GUARANTEE A+
✔✔FAI mechanoreceptors (fast) - ✔✔respond to low frequency vibrations ---> adjust
grip
-meissner
✔✔FAII mechanoreceptors (fast) - ✔✔when objects make contact with our skin
-pacinian
✔✔Thermoreceptors - ✔✔detect changes in temperature (cold and warm fibers)
✔✔kinesthetic receptors - ✔✔Mechanoreceptors in muscles, tendons, and joints
Play an important role in sense of where limbs are, what kinds of movements are made
✔✔Nociceptors - ✔✔pain receptors found in the dermis and epidermis
✔✔Itch Receptors - ✔✔consist of free nerve endings in the dermis
✔✔gentle touch receptors - ✔✔sense of love, receptors are closer to the top
✔✔Proprioception - ✔✔our sense of body position
✔✔Muscle spindles - ✔✔sense information about muscle length and muscle action
✔✔Joint receptors - ✔✔sense information regarding angle in our joints
✔✔Golgi tendon organs - ✔✔measure the force of a muscle's contraction
✔✔Pinocchio illusion - ✔✔Vibration of tendon creates the illusion of muscle stretch:
important to take vision away for this to work
✔✔Ian Waterman - ✔✔He has learned to imagine his movements and use his vision to
help position his limbs
✔✔pain - ✔✔unpleasant experience of actual or threatened tissue
✔✔Nociceptive pain - ✔✔pain resulting from tissue damage
✔✔neuropathic pain - ✔✔pain from damage to neurons of either the peripheral or
central nervous system
✔✔inflammatory pain - ✔✔caused by damage to tissues and joints or by tumor cells
, ✔✔Empathy pain - ✔✔feeling someone elses pain
✔✔Emotional pain - ✔✔no tissue damage but still feel pain
✔✔A-delta fibers - ✔✔myelinated nociceptors respond to heat and pressure (quick,
sharp pain)
✔✔C-Fibers - ✔✔unmyelinated nociceptors respond to extreme heat, cold, pressure,
and toxic chemicals (throbbing pain)
✔✔Gate Control Theory of Pain (Melzack and Wall Study) - ✔✔non-painful input closes
the nerve "gates" to painful input, which prevents pain sensation from traveling to the
central nervous system
✔✔two pain pathways - ✔✔-One sends "where" information to somatosensory cortex
-Another sends motivational and emotional information to the hypothalamus, amygdala,
and frontal lobe
✔✔somatosensory cortex - ✔✔area at the front of the parietal lobes that registers and
processes body touch and movement sensations (phantom limb syndrome)
✔✔Homunculus - ✔✔a maplike representation of regions of the body in the brain
✔✔Sub-organization of the Somatosensory cortex - ✔✔Area 1: tactile perception
Area 2: proprioception
Area 3A: proprioception + nociceptors
Area 3B: nociceptors + mechanoreceptors
✔✔"WHAT" channel - ✔✔S1---> S2: identification of touched objects
✔✔"WHERE" channel - ✔✔S1----> Parietal cortex (involved in the control of action)---->
Frontal lobe (premotor cortex)
✔✔over-sensitization vs desensitization - ✔✔over-enhancing response to stimuli vs
under-enhancing response to stimuli
✔✔Anterior Cingulate Cortex (ACC) - ✔✔a region of the brain associated with emotional
component of pain (unpleasant) (hypnosis studies)
✔✔analgesia - ✔✔processes that act to reduce the conscious pain experience
(extreme survival)
✔✔runner's high - ✔✔Endogenous opioids
