Exam 2 NR 545 Exam Questions with
Complete Solutions
HF Pharm Pharm: First line pharmacological management of heart failure is as follows:
Asymptomatic Treatment:
Ace Inhibitor - Venous/Arterial vasodilation
- Drug/Dosing: Enalapril 2.5mg three times a day
Angiotensin II Receptor Blocker - Venous/Arterial vasodilation
- Drug/Dosing: Losartan 25-40mg per day
Symptomatic Treatment:
Beta Blockers - Blocks receptors of adrenergic nervous system
- Drug/Dosing: Coreg 6.25-25mg twice a day
HCN Channel Blockers - Blocks
Hyperpolarization-Activated Cyclic Nucleotide-Gated Channel (HCN) in SA node to decrease
heart rate
,- Drug/Dosing: Corlanor 5mg twice a day for two weeks, then 5mg per day
Diuretics - Inhibits sodium chloride reabsorption
- Drug/Dosing: HCTZ 12.5-50mg per day
- Drug/Dosing: Lasix 20-80mg per day
Antiarrhythmics - Inhibits sodium-potassium ATPase
- Drug/Dosing: Digitalis 3.4-5.1mcg/kg per day
Nonpharm: Salt restriction to 2gm/day
Considerations: Avoid NSAIDs, antiarrhythmic drugs, calcium channel blockers
Restrict fluid to 2L/day
Hypertension elevated blood pressure is a result of increased resistance to arterial blood
flow
HTN PA Physical Assessment: headaches
, Dizziness
Blurred vision
Fatigue
HTN Dx Dx: after two consecutive clinic visits with BP readings above 130/80
potassium- Low potassium can increase BP
Sodium- high sodium levels can elevate BP
Blood glucose and HgA1C to assess for hyperglycemia and diabetes.
Lipid panel to assess for hyperlipidemia or metabolic syndrome.
Creatinine and blood urea nitrogen and ultrasound of kidneys to assess for secondary
hypertension.
TSH and T4 to assess for secondary hypertension due to abnormal thyroid function.
HTN Tx Pharm: Modifiable lifestyle changes
Low sodium diet
First Line Treatment
Thiazides -Hydrochlorothiazide- diuretic. Thiazide diuretics inhibits sodium absorption.
Complete Solutions
HF Pharm Pharm: First line pharmacological management of heart failure is as follows:
Asymptomatic Treatment:
Ace Inhibitor - Venous/Arterial vasodilation
- Drug/Dosing: Enalapril 2.5mg three times a day
Angiotensin II Receptor Blocker - Venous/Arterial vasodilation
- Drug/Dosing: Losartan 25-40mg per day
Symptomatic Treatment:
Beta Blockers - Blocks receptors of adrenergic nervous system
- Drug/Dosing: Coreg 6.25-25mg twice a day
HCN Channel Blockers - Blocks
Hyperpolarization-Activated Cyclic Nucleotide-Gated Channel (HCN) in SA node to decrease
heart rate
,- Drug/Dosing: Corlanor 5mg twice a day for two weeks, then 5mg per day
Diuretics - Inhibits sodium chloride reabsorption
- Drug/Dosing: HCTZ 12.5-50mg per day
- Drug/Dosing: Lasix 20-80mg per day
Antiarrhythmics - Inhibits sodium-potassium ATPase
- Drug/Dosing: Digitalis 3.4-5.1mcg/kg per day
Nonpharm: Salt restriction to 2gm/day
Considerations: Avoid NSAIDs, antiarrhythmic drugs, calcium channel blockers
Restrict fluid to 2L/day
Hypertension elevated blood pressure is a result of increased resistance to arterial blood
flow
HTN PA Physical Assessment: headaches
, Dizziness
Blurred vision
Fatigue
HTN Dx Dx: after two consecutive clinic visits with BP readings above 130/80
potassium- Low potassium can increase BP
Sodium- high sodium levels can elevate BP
Blood glucose and HgA1C to assess for hyperglycemia and diabetes.
Lipid panel to assess for hyperlipidemia or metabolic syndrome.
Creatinine and blood urea nitrogen and ultrasound of kidneys to assess for secondary
hypertension.
TSH and T4 to assess for secondary hypertension due to abnormal thyroid function.
HTN Tx Pharm: Modifiable lifestyle changes
Low sodium diet
First Line Treatment
Thiazides -Hydrochlorothiazide- diuretic. Thiazide diuretics inhibits sodium absorption.
