NAS Exam #2 Questions with Complete
Solutions
How does insulin affect stored triglycerides? Insulin stimulates the synthesis of
triglycerides in liver and fat cells.
How does insulin affect new protein production? Insulin stimulates the use of amino acids
for the production of new proteins.
What are the net results of insulin during the absorptive state? 1. Providing glucose for
oxidation and generation of ATP.
2. Storage of fuel molecules in the liver, muscle, and fat cells.
3. Providing amino acids for the production of proteins.
What is the major challenge during the postabsorptive state? To sustain a normal blood
glucose level
Describe the postabsorbtive state effects of epinephrine and glucagon. Epinephrine and
glucagon stimulate breakdown of glycogen in liver cells to increase available blood glucose.
,Describe the postabsorptive state effects of cortisol & glucagon. Cortisol & glucagon
stimulate metabolic reactions to produce new glucose from lactic acid & amino acids.
Describe the postabsorptive state effects of epinephrine and norepinephrine Epinephrine
and norephinephrine break down of lipids which results in increased glucose production
If fasting continues, alternatives to glucose are accessed for energy production. Identify some of
these sources. Fatty acids, lactic acid, amino acids, keytone bodies, and muscle glycogen.
What are the net results of glucagons, cortisol, and ANS hormones during the postabsorptive
state? Production of glucose from the breakdown of glycogen, proteins, and fats.
Oxidation of other fuel sources.
Define metabolic rate The overall rate at which metabolic reactions use energy
How is body temperature maintained at a stable homeostatic level? Metabolic rate -
balancing the loss of heat to the environment with the rate it is produced by the body
, Name five factors that affect body metabolic rate. Increased exercise, increased thyroid
hormones, increased sympathetic ANS stimulation, increased body temperature (fever), Food
consumption.
Thermoregulation is maintained with a negative feedback loop. Where does this loop begin?
Thermoreceptors throughout the body.
Describe the role of the anterior neuron group. controls heat balance
Describe the role of the preoptic neurons integrate signals that come from thermoreceptors
Describe the role of heat regulating centers control heat loss and heat production
What is the preoptic center response to overheating Inhibits the heat-promoting center and
stimulates the heat losing center
Describe blood vessel response to stimulation from the heat-losing center. Blood vessels
dilate allowing greater amounts of warmed blood into the skin.
Solutions
How does insulin affect stored triglycerides? Insulin stimulates the synthesis of
triglycerides in liver and fat cells.
How does insulin affect new protein production? Insulin stimulates the use of amino acids
for the production of new proteins.
What are the net results of insulin during the absorptive state? 1. Providing glucose for
oxidation and generation of ATP.
2. Storage of fuel molecules in the liver, muscle, and fat cells.
3. Providing amino acids for the production of proteins.
What is the major challenge during the postabsorptive state? To sustain a normal blood
glucose level
Describe the postabsorbtive state effects of epinephrine and glucagon. Epinephrine and
glucagon stimulate breakdown of glycogen in liver cells to increase available blood glucose.
,Describe the postabsorptive state effects of cortisol & glucagon. Cortisol & glucagon
stimulate metabolic reactions to produce new glucose from lactic acid & amino acids.
Describe the postabsorptive state effects of epinephrine and norepinephrine Epinephrine
and norephinephrine break down of lipids which results in increased glucose production
If fasting continues, alternatives to glucose are accessed for energy production. Identify some of
these sources. Fatty acids, lactic acid, amino acids, keytone bodies, and muscle glycogen.
What are the net results of glucagons, cortisol, and ANS hormones during the postabsorptive
state? Production of glucose from the breakdown of glycogen, proteins, and fats.
Oxidation of other fuel sources.
Define metabolic rate The overall rate at which metabolic reactions use energy
How is body temperature maintained at a stable homeostatic level? Metabolic rate -
balancing the loss of heat to the environment with the rate it is produced by the body
, Name five factors that affect body metabolic rate. Increased exercise, increased thyroid
hormones, increased sympathetic ANS stimulation, increased body temperature (fever), Food
consumption.
Thermoregulation is maintained with a negative feedback loop. Where does this loop begin?
Thermoreceptors throughout the body.
Describe the role of the anterior neuron group. controls heat balance
Describe the role of the preoptic neurons integrate signals that come from thermoreceptors
Describe the role of heat regulating centers control heat loss and heat production
What is the preoptic center response to overheating Inhibits the heat-promoting center and
stimulates the heat losing center
Describe blood vessel response to stimulation from the heat-losing center. Blood vessels
dilate allowing greater amounts of warmed blood into the skin.
