IV THERAPY ACTUAL FINAL PAPER 2025 QUESTIONS WITH
ANSWERS GUARANTEE A+
✔✔When should a peripheral line be switched to a PICC or central line? - ✔✔If the
duration of IV therapy will exceed seven daysIf meds require immediate dilution with
large volumes of blood
Frequent blood draws
Certain types of home drug therapy
Specific critical care issues
✔✔List six nursing activities that reduce the risk of infection from IV therapy. - ✔✔Hand
hygiene before and after
Wipe the IV port with a fresh alcohol swab before administering a piggyback medication
Place a clear occlusive dressing over the IV site
Change the dressing at least eevery 72 hours or according to agency protocol
Secure the tubing to prevent pulling on the cannula
Watch the site of venipuncture for signs of inflammation
Excellent site care and early detection.
✔✔Define, give an example of, and discuss fluid shifts caused by hypertonic fluids. -
✔✔Higher osmotic pressure than body fluids. Thicker than blood. Cells will shrink as
water passes out of the cells into surrounding fluid. 3% saline, D5LR, D5NS, D5 1/2NS.
✔✔Define, give an example of, and discuss fluid shifts caused by hypotonic fluids. -
✔✔Lower osmotic pressure than body fluids. Thinner than blood. Dextrose solutions
become hypotonic as dextrose is metabolized. Cells will swell as water passes from the
less concentrated solution into the cell. 0.45% saline, 2.5% dextrose.
✔✔Why do you think Dextrose solutions help prevent ketoacidosis? - ✔✔Slows down
the rate of fat breakdown for calories to suppress ketosis. Protein sparing.
✔✔What is albumin? - ✔✔Major plasma protein from donated blood.
✔✔How is albumin given to the patient? - ✔✔IV piggyback
✔✔Why would a patient need to get albumin? - ✔✔Low serum albumin, patient needs
to maintain fluid in vasculature.
✔✔List two medical conditions that could result in the patient needing albumin. -
✔✔Large draining burns/wounds, malnutrition, kidney/liver disease.
✔✔What is the difference between a mainline and a secondary IV medication
administration set? - ✔✔Mainline sets are longer with more injection ports. Secondary
, sets are much shorter, have no medication ports and a roller-ball clamp. Used for
piggyback meds.
✔✔Which medication port on mainline tubing is most likely to be used for attaching a
piggyback (relative to the patient). - ✔✔Closest to the mainline bag, above the IV pump.
✔✔Which medication port on mainline tubing is most likely to be used for administration
of IV push medications (by the RN)? - ✔✔Closest to the patient's IV insertion site
✔✔What is the difference between a PICC line and other types of central lines? - ✔✔A
PICC line is inserted in the patient's upper arm and does not require surgical placement.
Can be inserted by an RN with special training. Other central lines are placed by a
physician in the upper chest, subclavian, or neck regions.
✔✔When initiating an IV, why would the LPN choose a needle that is a 23 gauge, 5/8"
in size? - ✔✔It is suitable for short term use, difficult to access veins, or newborn,
pediatric patients.
✔✔What is the difference between a macrodrip and a microdrip? - ✔✔A macrodrip can
be 10, 15, or 20 gtt/ml and is not usually used to deliver small amounts of IV solution. It
infuses more fluid over less time.
A microdrip runs at 60gtt/ml and is used to deliver small amounts of IV solution.
✔✔What advantages does the microdrip have over the macrodrip and what type of
patient would you use it for? - ✔✔It is a more precise system which decreases the
margin of error, is excellent for use in pediatrics and administering magnesium sulfate
and dopamine.
✔✔Who would benefit from maintenance therapy? - ✔✔Patient who needs daily fluid
and electrolytes; patient that is in a coma; patient that is NPO
✔✔Who would benefit from replacement therapy? - ✔✔Patient who is dehydrated due
to diarrhea; patient with nausea, vomiting, hemorrhage, diaphoresis
✔✔Who would benefit from restoration therapy? - ✔✔Patient losing fluids as a result of
wound drainage; suction/drains; renal failure.
✔✔The LPN knows that a patient receiving an IV fluid containing dextrose_____? -
✔✔Must be observed for vein irritation and thrombosis.
✔✔Which IV solution is often used for fluid replacement in patients with dehydration? -
✔✔Lactated Ringers.
ANSWERS GUARANTEE A+
✔✔When should a peripheral line be switched to a PICC or central line? - ✔✔If the
duration of IV therapy will exceed seven daysIf meds require immediate dilution with
large volumes of blood
Frequent blood draws
Certain types of home drug therapy
Specific critical care issues
✔✔List six nursing activities that reduce the risk of infection from IV therapy. - ✔✔Hand
hygiene before and after
Wipe the IV port with a fresh alcohol swab before administering a piggyback medication
Place a clear occlusive dressing over the IV site
Change the dressing at least eevery 72 hours or according to agency protocol
Secure the tubing to prevent pulling on the cannula
Watch the site of venipuncture for signs of inflammation
Excellent site care and early detection.
✔✔Define, give an example of, and discuss fluid shifts caused by hypertonic fluids. -
✔✔Higher osmotic pressure than body fluids. Thicker than blood. Cells will shrink as
water passes out of the cells into surrounding fluid. 3% saline, D5LR, D5NS, D5 1/2NS.
✔✔Define, give an example of, and discuss fluid shifts caused by hypotonic fluids. -
✔✔Lower osmotic pressure than body fluids. Thinner than blood. Dextrose solutions
become hypotonic as dextrose is metabolized. Cells will swell as water passes from the
less concentrated solution into the cell. 0.45% saline, 2.5% dextrose.
✔✔Why do you think Dextrose solutions help prevent ketoacidosis? - ✔✔Slows down
the rate of fat breakdown for calories to suppress ketosis. Protein sparing.
✔✔What is albumin? - ✔✔Major plasma protein from donated blood.
✔✔How is albumin given to the patient? - ✔✔IV piggyback
✔✔Why would a patient need to get albumin? - ✔✔Low serum albumin, patient needs
to maintain fluid in vasculature.
✔✔List two medical conditions that could result in the patient needing albumin. -
✔✔Large draining burns/wounds, malnutrition, kidney/liver disease.
✔✔What is the difference between a mainline and a secondary IV medication
administration set? - ✔✔Mainline sets are longer with more injection ports. Secondary
, sets are much shorter, have no medication ports and a roller-ball clamp. Used for
piggyback meds.
✔✔Which medication port on mainline tubing is most likely to be used for attaching a
piggyback (relative to the patient). - ✔✔Closest to the mainline bag, above the IV pump.
✔✔Which medication port on mainline tubing is most likely to be used for administration
of IV push medications (by the RN)? - ✔✔Closest to the patient's IV insertion site
✔✔What is the difference between a PICC line and other types of central lines? - ✔✔A
PICC line is inserted in the patient's upper arm and does not require surgical placement.
Can be inserted by an RN with special training. Other central lines are placed by a
physician in the upper chest, subclavian, or neck regions.
✔✔When initiating an IV, why would the LPN choose a needle that is a 23 gauge, 5/8"
in size? - ✔✔It is suitable for short term use, difficult to access veins, or newborn,
pediatric patients.
✔✔What is the difference between a macrodrip and a microdrip? - ✔✔A macrodrip can
be 10, 15, or 20 gtt/ml and is not usually used to deliver small amounts of IV solution. It
infuses more fluid over less time.
A microdrip runs at 60gtt/ml and is used to deliver small amounts of IV solution.
✔✔What advantages does the microdrip have over the macrodrip and what type of
patient would you use it for? - ✔✔It is a more precise system which decreases the
margin of error, is excellent for use in pediatrics and administering magnesium sulfate
and dopamine.
✔✔Who would benefit from maintenance therapy? - ✔✔Patient who needs daily fluid
and electrolytes; patient that is in a coma; patient that is NPO
✔✔Who would benefit from replacement therapy? - ✔✔Patient who is dehydrated due
to diarrhea; patient with nausea, vomiting, hemorrhage, diaphoresis
✔✔Who would benefit from restoration therapy? - ✔✔Patient losing fluids as a result of
wound drainage; suction/drains; renal failure.
✔✔The LPN knows that a patient receiving an IV fluid containing dextrose_____? -
✔✔Must be observed for vein irritation and thrombosis.
✔✔Which IV solution is often used for fluid replacement in patients with dehydration? -
✔✔Lactated Ringers.
