PHIL 201- Exam 1 (Multiple Choice)
Question and answers 100% correct 2025
Branches of Philosophy - correct answer ✔ethics, epistemology,
metaphysics, logic
Ethics - correct answer ✔what actions are right or wrong
Epistemology - correct answer ✔what can be known or reasonably believed
Metaphysics - correct answer ✔what kinds of things exist
Logic - correct answer ✔what forms of reasoning are good or bad
Kinds of Arguments - correct answer ✔abductive, deductive
Abductive Arguments - correct answer ✔-Good abductive arguments are not
valid!
-A good abductive argument is not always sound
-A good abductive argument from true premises must have a true conclusion.
- FALSE
-Abductive arguments are risky because they can go from true to false
-A sound argument is deductively valid - TRUE
-Weaker type of argument
-Tries to answer WHY questions, involves inference to best explanation
, Deductive Arguments - correct answer ✔-Deductively valid: not possible for
conclusion to be false if the premises are true
-Soundness and validity
-Strongest type of argument
Category Mistake - correct answer ✔attributing a feature to something that
belongs to a different kind of thing
Soundness - correct answer ✔-premises are true
-it is valid
-A sound argument cannot have a false conclusion
Validity - correct answer ✔-A valid argument can fail to be sound due to false
premises
-A valid argument can have a false conclusion
Conditional Statements - correct answer ✔-if-then statements
-necessary and sufficient
Antecedent vs. Consequent - correct answer ✔-"If" = antecedent (identifies
sufficient condition)
-"Then" = consequent (identifies necessary condition)
-**"Only if," in general, flags a necessary condition
Good Inference Rules - correct answer ✔Modus tollens, modus ponens
Modus Ponens - correct answer ✔Affirming the Antecedent - Modus Ponens
Question and answers 100% correct 2025
Branches of Philosophy - correct answer ✔ethics, epistemology,
metaphysics, logic
Ethics - correct answer ✔what actions are right or wrong
Epistemology - correct answer ✔what can be known or reasonably believed
Metaphysics - correct answer ✔what kinds of things exist
Logic - correct answer ✔what forms of reasoning are good or bad
Kinds of Arguments - correct answer ✔abductive, deductive
Abductive Arguments - correct answer ✔-Good abductive arguments are not
valid!
-A good abductive argument is not always sound
-A good abductive argument from true premises must have a true conclusion.
- FALSE
-Abductive arguments are risky because they can go from true to false
-A sound argument is deductively valid - TRUE
-Weaker type of argument
-Tries to answer WHY questions, involves inference to best explanation
, Deductive Arguments - correct answer ✔-Deductively valid: not possible for
conclusion to be false if the premises are true
-Soundness and validity
-Strongest type of argument
Category Mistake - correct answer ✔attributing a feature to something that
belongs to a different kind of thing
Soundness - correct answer ✔-premises are true
-it is valid
-A sound argument cannot have a false conclusion
Validity - correct answer ✔-A valid argument can fail to be sound due to false
premises
-A valid argument can have a false conclusion
Conditional Statements - correct answer ✔-if-then statements
-necessary and sufficient
Antecedent vs. Consequent - correct answer ✔-"If" = antecedent (identifies
sufficient condition)
-"Then" = consequent (identifies necessary condition)
-**"Only if," in general, flags a necessary condition
Good Inference Rules - correct answer ✔Modus tollens, modus ponens
Modus Ponens - correct answer ✔Affirming the Antecedent - Modus Ponens
