ATI DIABETES MELLITUS EXAM WITH QUESTIONS
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AND ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS) LATEST EXAM
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2024/2025
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When instructing a patient regarding a urine study for free cortisol, it is most
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important for the nurse to tell the patient to
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A. Save the first voided urine in the am.
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B. Maintain a high-sodium diet 3 days before collection.
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C. Try to avoid stressful situations during the collection period.
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D. Complete at least 30 minutes of strenuous exercise before collecting the urine
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sample. - CORRECT ANSWER C. Try to avoid stressful situations during the
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collection period.
p p
A urine study for free cortisol requires a 24-hour urine collection. The patient
p p p p p p p p p p p p
should be instructed to avoid stressful situations and excessive physical exercise
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that could unduly increase cortisol levels. The patient should also maintain a low-
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sodium diet before and during the urine collection period.
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Which of the following assessment parameters is of highest priority when caring
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for a patient undergoing a water deprivation test?
p p p p p p p p
A. Serum glucose p
B. Patient weight p
C. Arterial blood gases p p
D. Patient temperature - CORRECT ANSWER B. Patient weight
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A patient is at risk for severe dehydration during a water deprivation test. The test
p p p p p p p p p p p p p p
should be discontinued and the patient rehydrated if the patient's weight drops
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,more than 2 kg at any time. The other assessment parameters do not assess fluid
p p p p p p p p p p p p p p
balance.
p
A patient has sought care because of a loss of 25 lb over the past 6 months, during
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which the patient claims to have made no significant dietary changes. The nurse
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should assess the patient for potential
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A. Thyroid disorders. p
B. Diabetes insipidus. p
C. Pituitary dysfunction. p
D. Parathyroid dysfunction. - CORRECT ANSWER A. Thyroid disorders.
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Hyperthyroidism is associated with weight loss. Alterations in pituitary function,
p p p p p p p p p
such as diabetes insipidus, and parathyroid dysfunction are not commonly
p p p p p p p p p p
associated with this phenomenon.
p p p p
The surgeon was unable to save a patient's parathyroid gland during a radical
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thyroidectomy. The nurse should consequently pay particular attention to which of
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the following components of the patient's laboratory values?
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A. Calcium levels p
B. Potassium levels p
C. Blood glucose levels p p
D. Sodium and chloride levels - CORRECT ANSWER A. Calcium levels
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The parathyroid gland plays a key role in maintaining calcium levels. Potassium,
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sodium, glucose, and chloride are not directly influenced by the loss of the
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parathyroid gland. p
A patient's recent medical history is indicative of diabetes insipidus. The nurse
p p p p p p p p p p p
would perform patient education related to which of the following diagnostic tests?
p p p p p p p p p p p p
,A. Thyroid scan p
B. Fasting glucose test p p
C. Oral glucose tolerancep p
D. Water deprivation test - CORRECT ANSWER D. Water deprivation test
p p p p p p p p p
A water deprivation test is used to diagnose the polyuria that accompanies diabetes
p p p p p p p p p p p p
insipidus. Glucose tests and thyroid tests are not directly related to the diagnosis
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of diabetes insipidus.
p p p
A 54-year-old patient admitted with type 2 diabetes, asks the nurse what "type 2"
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means. Which of the following is the most appropriate response by the nurse?
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A. "With type 2 diabetes, the body of the pancreas becomes inflamed."
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B. "With type 2 diabetes, insulin secretion is decreased and insulin resistance is
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increased."
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C. "With type 2 diabetes, the patient is totally dependent on an outside source of
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insulin."
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D. "With type 2 diabetes, the body produces autoantibodies that destroy b-cells in
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the pancreas." - CORRECT ANSWER B. "With type 2 diabetes, insulin
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secretion is decreased and insulin resistance is increased."
p p p p p p p p
In type 2 diabetes mellitus, the secretion of insulin by the pancreas is reduced
p p p p p p p p p p p p p
pand/or the cells of the body become resistant to insulin.
p p p p p p p p p
The nurse caring for a 54-year-old patient hospitalized with diabetes mellitus
p p p p p p p p p p
would look for which of the following laboratory test results to obtain information
p p p p p p p p p p p p p
on the patient's past glucose control?
p p p p p p
A. Prealbumin level p
B. Urine ketone level p p
C. Fasting glucose level p p
, D. Glycosylated hemoglobin level - CORRECT ANSWER D. Glycosylated p p p p p p p
hemoglobin level
p p
A glycosylated hemoglobin level detects the amount of glucose that is bound to red
p p p p p p p p p p p p p
blood cells (RBCs). When circulating glucose levels are high, glucose attaches to
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the RBCs and remains there for the life of the blood cell, which is approximately
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120 days. Thus the test can give an indication of glycemic control over
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approximately 2 to 3 months. p p p p
The nurse has been teaching a patient with diabetes how to perform self-
p p p p p p p p p p p p
monitoring of blood glucose. During evaluation of the patient's technique, the
p p p p p p p p p p p
nurse identifies a need for additional teaching when the patient does which of the
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following?
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A. Chooses a puncture site in the center of the finger pad
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B. Washes hands with soap and water to cleanse the site to be used
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C. Warms the finger before puncturing to obtain a drop of blood
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D. Tells the nurse that the result of 120 mg/dl indicates good control of diabetes -
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CORRECT ANSWER A. Chooses a puncture site in the center of the finger
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pad
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The patient should select a site on the sides of the fingertips, not on the center of
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the finger pad. This area contains many nerve endings and would be unnecessarily
p p p p p p p p p p p p p
painful.
p
The nurse is teaching a 54-year-old patient with diabetes about proper composition
p p p p p p p p p p p
of the daily diet. The nurse explains that the guideline for carbohydrate intake is
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which of the following?
p p p p
A. 80% of daily intake p p p
B. Minimum of 80 g/day p p p
C. Minimum of 130 g/day p p p
D. Maximum of 130 g/day - CORRECT ANSWER C. Minimum of 130 g/day
p p p p p p p p p p p
p p p p p
AND ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS) LATEST EXAM
p p p p p p
2024/2025
p
When instructing a patient regarding a urine study for free cortisol, it is most
p p p p p p p p p p p p p
important for the nurse to tell the patient to
p p p p p p p p p
A. Save the first voided urine in the am.
p p p p p p p
B. Maintain a high-sodium diet 3 days before collection.
p p p p p p p
C. Try to avoid stressful situations during the collection period.
p p p p p p p p
D. Complete at least 30 minutes of strenuous exercise before collecting the urine
p p p p p p p p p p p
sample. - CORRECT ANSWER C. Try to avoid stressful situations during the
p p p p p p p p p p p p
collection period.
p p
A urine study for free cortisol requires a 24-hour urine collection. The patient
p p p p p p p p p p p p
should be instructed to avoid stressful situations and excessive physical exercise
p p p p p p p p p p p
that could unduly increase cortisol levels. The patient should also maintain a low-
p p p p p p p p p p p p p
sodium diet before and during the urine collection period.
p p p p p p p p p
Which of the following assessment parameters is of highest priority when caring
p p p p p p p p p p p
for a patient undergoing a water deprivation test?
p p p p p p p p
A. Serum glucose p
B. Patient weight p
C. Arterial blood gases p p
D. Patient temperature - CORRECT ANSWER B. Patient weight
p p p p p p p
A patient is at risk for severe dehydration during a water deprivation test. The test
p p p p p p p p p p p p p p
should be discontinued and the patient rehydrated if the patient's weight drops
p p p p p p p p p p p p
,more than 2 kg at any time. The other assessment parameters do not assess fluid
p p p p p p p p p p p p p p
balance.
p
A patient has sought care because of a loss of 25 lb over the past 6 months, during
p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p
which the patient claims to have made no significant dietary changes. The nurse
p p p p p p p p p p p p p
should assess the patient for potential
p p p p p p
A. Thyroid disorders. p
B. Diabetes insipidus. p
C. Pituitary dysfunction. p
D. Parathyroid dysfunction. - CORRECT ANSWER A. Thyroid disorders.
p p p p p p p
Hyperthyroidism is associated with weight loss. Alterations in pituitary function,
p p p p p p p p p
such as diabetes insipidus, and parathyroid dysfunction are not commonly
p p p p p p p p p p
associated with this phenomenon.
p p p p
The surgeon was unable to save a patient's parathyroid gland during a radical
p p p p p p p p p p p p
thyroidectomy. The nurse should consequently pay particular attention to which of
p p p p p p p p p p p
the following components of the patient's laboratory values?
p p p p p p p p
A. Calcium levels p
B. Potassium levels p
C. Blood glucose levels p p
D. Sodium and chloride levels - CORRECT ANSWER A. Calcium levels
p p p p p p p p p
The parathyroid gland plays a key role in maintaining calcium levels. Potassium,
p p p p p p p p p p p
sodium, glucose, and chloride are not directly influenced by the loss of the
p p p p p p p p p p p p p
parathyroid gland. p
A patient's recent medical history is indicative of diabetes insipidus. The nurse
p p p p p p p p p p p
would perform patient education related to which of the following diagnostic tests?
p p p p p p p p p p p p
,A. Thyroid scan p
B. Fasting glucose test p p
C. Oral glucose tolerancep p
D. Water deprivation test - CORRECT ANSWER D. Water deprivation test
p p p p p p p p p
A water deprivation test is used to diagnose the polyuria that accompanies diabetes
p p p p p p p p p p p p
insipidus. Glucose tests and thyroid tests are not directly related to the diagnosis
p p p p p p p p p p p p p
of diabetes insipidus.
p p p
A 54-year-old patient admitted with type 2 diabetes, asks the nurse what "type 2"
p p p p p p p p p p p p p
means. Which of the following is the most appropriate response by the nurse?
p p p p p p p p p p p p p
A. "With type 2 diabetes, the body of the pancreas becomes inflamed."
p p p p p p p p p p
B. "With type 2 diabetes, insulin secretion is decreased and insulin resistance is
p p p p p p p p p p p
increased."
p
C. "With type 2 diabetes, the patient is totally dependent on an outside source of
p p p p p p p p p p p p p
insulin."
p
D. "With type 2 diabetes, the body produces autoantibodies that destroy b-cells in
p p p p p p p p p p p
the pancreas." - CORRECT ANSWER B. "With type 2 diabetes, insulin
p p p p p p p p p p p
secretion is decreased and insulin resistance is increased."
p p p p p p p p
In type 2 diabetes mellitus, the secretion of insulin by the pancreas is reduced
p p p p p p p p p p p p p
pand/or the cells of the body become resistant to insulin.
p p p p p p p p p
The nurse caring for a 54-year-old patient hospitalized with diabetes mellitus
p p p p p p p p p p
would look for which of the following laboratory test results to obtain information
p p p p p p p p p p p p p
on the patient's past glucose control?
p p p p p p
A. Prealbumin level p
B. Urine ketone level p p
C. Fasting glucose level p p
, D. Glycosylated hemoglobin level - CORRECT ANSWER D. Glycosylated p p p p p p p
hemoglobin level
p p
A glycosylated hemoglobin level detects the amount of glucose that is bound to red
p p p p p p p p p p p p p
blood cells (RBCs). When circulating glucose levels are high, glucose attaches to
p p p p p p p p p p p p
the RBCs and remains there for the life of the blood cell, which is approximately
p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p
120 days. Thus the test can give an indication of glycemic control over
p p p p p p p p p p p p p
approximately 2 to 3 months. p p p p
The nurse has been teaching a patient with diabetes how to perform self-
p p p p p p p p p p p p
monitoring of blood glucose. During evaluation of the patient's technique, the
p p p p p p p p p p p
nurse identifies a need for additional teaching when the patient does which of the
p p p p p p p p p p p p p p
following?
p
A. Chooses a puncture site in the center of the finger pad
p p p p p p p p p p
B. Washes hands with soap and water to cleanse the site to be used
p p p p p p p p p p p p
C. Warms the finger before puncturing to obtain a drop of blood
p p p p p p p p p p
D. Tells the nurse that the result of 120 mg/dl indicates good control of diabetes -
p p p p p p p p p p p p p p
CORRECT ANSWER A. Chooses a puncture site in the center of the finger
p p p p p p p p p p p p p
pad
p
The patient should select a site on the sides of the fingertips, not on the center of
p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p
the finger pad. This area contains many nerve endings and would be unnecessarily
p p p p p p p p p p p p p
painful.
p
The nurse is teaching a 54-year-old patient with diabetes about proper composition
p p p p p p p p p p p
of the daily diet. The nurse explains that the guideline for carbohydrate intake is
p p p p p p p p p p p p p p
which of the following?
p p p p
A. 80% of daily intake p p p
B. Minimum of 80 g/day p p p
C. Minimum of 130 g/day p p p
D. Maximum of 130 g/day - CORRECT ANSWER C. Minimum of 130 g/day
p p p p p p p p p p p
