URINARY SYSTEM MULTIPLE CHOICE WITH COMPREHENSIVE QUESTIONS.

URINARY SYSTEM MULTIPLE CHOICE
WITH COMPREHENSIVE QUESTIONS.

1) The renal corpuscle consists of:
A) the proximal and distal convoluted tubules.
B) the glomerulus and the glomerular (Bowman's) capsule.
C) the descending and ascending limbs of the loop of Henle.
D) all the renal pyramids.
E) the glomerulus and the vase recta. - CorreCt Answers -Answer: B) the
glomerulus and the glomerular (Bowman's) capsule.
2) Fluid flows from the ascending limb of the loop of Henle into the
__________. - CorreCt Answers -Answer: distal convoluted tubule


3) The juxtaglomerular apparatus consists of two parts: the __________
that detects the concentration of tubular fluid, and the __________ that
secrete renin.
Answer: macula densa;
juxtaglomerular cells - CorreCt Answers -Answer: macula densa;
juxtaglomerular cells


4) The last portion of the distal convoluted tubule and the collecting duct
are made up of __________ cells, which are the target cells for ADH and
aldosterone, and __________ cells that have microvilli and help regulate
acid base balance. - CorreCt Answers -Answer: principal; intercalated


5) In tubular reabsorption, substances move from __________ to
__________. - CorreCt Answers -nswer: tubular fluid; blood

,6) The footlike processes of podocytes are called __________ and the
spaces between the processes are called __________. - CorreCt Answers -
Answer: pedicels; filtration slits


7) Glomerular endothelial cells are leaky because they have large pores
called - CorreCt Answers -nswer: fenestrations


9) Norepinephrine causes __________ of afferent arterioles, which
causes GFR to __________. - CorreCt Answers -Answer:
vasoconstriction; decrease


10) Angiotensin II causes __________ of the afferent arteriole and
__________ of the efferent arteriole, which causes GFR to
__________. - CorreCt Answers -Answer: vasoconstriction;
vasoconstriction; decrease


11) The hormone __________ increases capillary surface area available
for filtration by causing relaxation of __________. - CorreCt Answers -
Answer: ANP; mesangial cellsAnswer: ANP; mesangial cells


12) If there is a decrease in the delivery of sodium and chloride ions to
macula densa cells, tubuloglomerular feedback causes GFR to
___________. - CorreCt Answers -Answer: increase


13) The 10"minus12" tubes carrying urine from the kidneys to the urinary
bladder are the __________. - CorreCt Answers -Answer: ureters

, 14) The mucosa of the urinary bladder includes __________ epithelium. -
CorreCt Answers -Answer: transitional



15) The smooth muscle layers surrounding the mucosa of the urinary
bladder are collectively known as the __________. - CorreCt Answers -
Answer: detrusor muscle


16) The normal component of urine that is derived from the detoxification
of ammonia produced as a result of deamination of proteins is
__________. - CorreCt Answers -Answer: urea


17) The enzyme secreted by the juxtaglomerular cells in response to
impulses from renal sympathetic nerves is __________. - CorreCt
Answers -Answer: renin



18) The substrate for the enzyme secreted by juxtaglomerular cells is
__________. - CorreCt Answers -Answer: angiotensinogen


19) The blood vessels of surrounding the loop of Henle that help maintain
the hypertonic conditions in the peritubular spaces of the renal medulla are
called the - CorreCt Answers -Answer: vasa recta


20) The percentage of plasma in afferent arterioles that becomes
glomerular filtrate is called the __________. - CorreCt Answers -Answer:
filtration fraction


21) In the formula for calculating net filtration pressure, those forces
opposing glomerular filtration are __________ and __________ . -