Test Bank for Psychology 8th Edition by Hockenbury-PSY101
2022
Answers on the last page
1. One48of48the48four48basic48goals48of48psychology48is48to:
A) listen48to,48counsel,48and48console48people48with48problems.
B) apply48the48findings48of48animal48research48to48abnormal48behavior.
C) control48people.
D) describe48behavior48and48mental48processes.
2. Wilhelm48Wundt48focused48on:
A) nature48versus48nurture48issues48and48interactive48dualism.
B) how48brain48damage48contributes48to48mental48illness.
C) fundamental48psychological48processes,48such48as48mental48reaction48times48in48response48to48vis
D) the48effects48of48mental48illness48on48families.
3. 48became48the48first48major48school48of48thought48in48psychology48and48relied48on48a48method4
A) Functionalism
B) Psychoanalysis
C) Behaviorism
D) Structuralism
4. The48first48African48American48to48earn48a48Ph.D.48in48psychology48was:
A) Mary48Whiton48Calkins.
B) Francis48C.48Sumner.
C) Edward48B.48Titchener.
D) G.48Stanley48Hall.
5. dominated48American48psychology48beginning48in48the48early481900s.
A) Behaviorism
B) Psychoanalysis
C) Humanism
D) Structuralism
6. As48one48of48the48advocates48of , developed48a48theory48of48motivation48that48emphasized48psy
A) functionalism;48G.48Stanley48Hall
B) psychoanalysis;48Sigmund48Freud
C) humanistic48psychology;48Abraham48Maslow
D) structuralism;48Edward48B.48Titchener
7. Which48of48the48following48titles48would48most48likely48be48found48in48a48research48journal48for48neur
A) “Increased48levels48of48the48Hormone48Testosterone48Impact48the48Brain,48Causing48Increased48A
n48Laboratory48Rats”
B) “The48Effects48of48Compliments48on48Helping48Behavior”
C) “Decreases48in48Social48Functioning48Can48Be48Reversed48Through48Increased48Social48Activiti
D) “Spacing48Rehearsals48During48Learning48Improves48Long-Term48Memory48for48Nonsense48Syl
,B) skepticism.
C) lawful48understanding.
D) cautious48interpretation.
,12. According48to48the48“Science48Versus48Pseudoscience”48box,48which48of48the48following48items48is48N
strategies48used48by48proponents48of48pseudoscience48to48give48credibility48to48their48claims?
A) shifting48the48burden48of48proof
B) use48of48irrefutable48or48nonfalsifiable48claims
C) combining48unfounded48claims48with48established48scientific48findings
D) use48of48the48scientific48method48and48replication48of48their48findings48by48other48scientists
13. Professor48Newberg48decided48to48study48preferences48of48senior48adults,48so48he48visited48a48local48re
8invited48residents48to48participate48in48a48lengthy48survey.48Professor48Newberg's48survey48results48a
because48he48did48not48use:
A) a48valid48hypothesis.
B) an48operational48definition.
C) independent48and48dependent48variables.
D) a48representative48sample48of48participants.
14. Of48the48following48correlation48coefficients,48which48represents48the48weakest48relationship48betwee
A) –0.67
B) +0.53
C) +0.32
D) –0.12
15. Several48correlational48studies48indicate48that48the48more48time48students48spend48playing48violent48vi
e48greater48their48tendency48to48engage48in48delinquent48behavior.48Based48on48this48result,48you48wo
d48in48stating48that:
A) playing48violent48video48games48causes48delinquent48behavior.
B) there48is48a48positive48correlation48between48delinquent48behavior48and48playing48violent48video4
C) there4 8 is4 8 a4 8 neT
gaetisvteB
coarnreklaftioorn48P
bestywceheo
n48lpolagyyin8
gtvhioE
lednittvio
idneobgyam
Heos48cakndendbeluinrqyuent4 8 be
D) the48researchers48were48conducting48pseudoscientific48research.
16. Correlational48research:
A) can48indicate48causality48in48either48a48positive48or48a48negative48direction.
B) provides48the48most48compelling48evidence48of48a48cause-and-effect48relationship48between48two
C) can48reveal48the48degree48to48which48two48factors48are48related48or48co-vary48in48a48systematic48w
D) has48been48banned48by48the48American48Psychological48Association48since48the481960s,48but48it4
es.
17. Researchers48at48the48United48Family48Therapy48Center48are48conducting48a48study48to48determine48ho
s48of48anxiety48are48reduced48by48different48forms48of48psychotherapy.48What48is48the48dependent48va
?
A) change48in48the48symptoms48of48anxiety
B) the48method48used48to48recruit48participants48for48the48study
C) the48type48of48psychotherapy48used48to48treat48anxiety
D) the48number48of48participants48receiving48each48type48of48psychotherapy
18. Which48of48the48following48is48a48procedure48that48ensures48that48all48participants48have48an48equal48c
gned48to48any48of48the48experimental48conditions?
A) the48double-blind48technique
B) random48assignment
C) the48single-blind48technique
D) random48selection
19. In48a48study48described48in48Chapter481,48psychologist48Paul48Solomon48and48his48colleagues48investi
, 21. Psychologists48are48expected48to48abide48by48ethical48principles48regulating48research48with48human48
ciples48include48all48of48the48following48EXCEPT:
A) informed48consent.
B) deception.
C) confidentiality.
D) compulsory48participation.
22. According48to48the48“Psych48For48Your48Life:48Successful48Study48Techniques”48box48in48your48textb
A) multitasking48while48studying48greatly48enhances48retention48of48content.
B) taking48notes48on48your48laptop48enhances48retention48of48content,48whereas48taking48notes48by48
C) practice48tests48must48be48multiple48choice48or48short48answer48in48order48to48enhance48retention
D) distributed48practice48has48a48greater48impact48on48retention48and48recall48than48massed48practice
23. Which48of48the48following48statements48about48psychologists48is48true?
A) They48focus48exclusively48on48treating48psychological48disorders48and48problems.
B) They48are48interested48in48both48normal48and48abnormal48behaviors.
C) All48psychologists48can48prescribe48medication.
D) All48psychologists48have48a48doctorate48in48their48field48of48study.
24. William48Wundt:
A) was48Sigmund48Freud48and48Erik48Erikson's48mentor.
B) proposed48a48doctrine48called48“interactive48dualism”—the48idea48that48mind48and48body48were48
C) was48the48founder48of48physiology—a48branch48of48biology48that48studies48the48functions48and48
D) defined48psychology48as48the48study48of48consciousness48and48emphasized48the48use48of48experim
asure
it.
25. Edward48Titchener48is48associated48with48which48early48approach48or48“school”48of48psychology?
A) behaviorism
B) structuralism
C) functionalism
D) psychoanalysis
26. Mary48Whiton48Calkins:
A) founded48the48first48psychology48laboratory48in48the48United48States48at48Yale48University.
B) studied48with48Sigmund48Freud48and48became48the48first48female48psychoanalyst48in48the48United
C) is48best48known48for48her48pioneering48research48on48comparative48psychology48and48her48book4
D) conducted48research48on48personality,48dreams,48and48memory,48and48was48the48first48woman48el
48the48American48Psychological48Association.
27. Sigmund48Freud's48school48of48thought,48called48“
,”48emphasized48the48role48of48unconscious48conflic
behavior48and48personality.
A) structuralism
B) functionalism
C) psychoanalysis
D) behaviorism
28. Which48of48the48following48individuals48was48NOT48a48key48scientist48in48the48development48of48beha
A) Sigmund48Freud
B) Ivan48Pavlov
2022
Answers on the last page
1. One48of48the48four48basic48goals48of48psychology48is48to:
A) listen48to,48counsel,48and48console48people48with48problems.
B) apply48the48findings48of48animal48research48to48abnormal48behavior.
C) control48people.
D) describe48behavior48and48mental48processes.
2. Wilhelm48Wundt48focused48on:
A) nature48versus48nurture48issues48and48interactive48dualism.
B) how48brain48damage48contributes48to48mental48illness.
C) fundamental48psychological48processes,48such48as48mental48reaction48times48in48response48to48vis
D) the48effects48of48mental48illness48on48families.
3. 48became48the48first48major48school48of48thought48in48psychology48and48relied48on48a48method4
A) Functionalism
B) Psychoanalysis
C) Behaviorism
D) Structuralism
4. The48first48African48American48to48earn48a48Ph.D.48in48psychology48was:
A) Mary48Whiton48Calkins.
B) Francis48C.48Sumner.
C) Edward48B.48Titchener.
D) G.48Stanley48Hall.
5. dominated48American48psychology48beginning48in48the48early481900s.
A) Behaviorism
B) Psychoanalysis
C) Humanism
D) Structuralism
6. As48one48of48the48advocates48of , developed48a48theory48of48motivation48that48emphasized48psy
A) functionalism;48G.48Stanley48Hall
B) psychoanalysis;48Sigmund48Freud
C) humanistic48psychology;48Abraham48Maslow
D) structuralism;48Edward48B.48Titchener
7. Which48of48the48following48titles48would48most48likely48be48found48in48a48research48journal48for48neur
A) “Increased48levels48of48the48Hormone48Testosterone48Impact48the48Brain,48Causing48Increased48A
n48Laboratory48Rats”
B) “The48Effects48of48Compliments48on48Helping48Behavior”
C) “Decreases48in48Social48Functioning48Can48Be48Reversed48Through48Increased48Social48Activiti
D) “Spacing48Rehearsals48During48Learning48Improves48Long-Term48Memory48for48Nonsense48Syl
,B) skepticism.
C) lawful48understanding.
D) cautious48interpretation.
,12. According48to48the48“Science48Versus48Pseudoscience”48box,48which48of48the48following48items48is48N
strategies48used48by48proponents48of48pseudoscience48to48give48credibility48to48their48claims?
A) shifting48the48burden48of48proof
B) use48of48irrefutable48or48nonfalsifiable48claims
C) combining48unfounded48claims48with48established48scientific48findings
D) use48of48the48scientific48method48and48replication48of48their48findings48by48other48scientists
13. Professor48Newberg48decided48to48study48preferences48of48senior48adults,48so48he48visited48a48local48re
8invited48residents48to48participate48in48a48lengthy48survey.48Professor48Newberg's48survey48results48a
because48he48did48not48use:
A) a48valid48hypothesis.
B) an48operational48definition.
C) independent48and48dependent48variables.
D) a48representative48sample48of48participants.
14. Of48the48following48correlation48coefficients,48which48represents48the48weakest48relationship48betwee
A) –0.67
B) +0.53
C) +0.32
D) –0.12
15. Several48correlational48studies48indicate48that48the48more48time48students48spend48playing48violent48vi
e48greater48their48tendency48to48engage48in48delinquent48behavior.48Based48on48this48result,48you48wo
d48in48stating48that:
A) playing48violent48video48games48causes48delinquent48behavior.
B) there48is48a48positive48correlation48between48delinquent48behavior48and48playing48violent48video4
C) there4 8 is4 8 a4 8 neT
gaetisvteB
coarnreklaftioorn48P
bestywceheo
n48lpolagyyin8
gtvhioE
lednittvio
idneobgyam
Heos48cakndendbeluinrqyuent4 8 be
D) the48researchers48were48conducting48pseudoscientific48research.
16. Correlational48research:
A) can48indicate48causality48in48either48a48positive48or48a48negative48direction.
B) provides48the48most48compelling48evidence48of48a48cause-and-effect48relationship48between48two
C) can48reveal48the48degree48to48which48two48factors48are48related48or48co-vary48in48a48systematic48w
D) has48been48banned48by48the48American48Psychological48Association48since48the481960s,48but48it4
es.
17. Researchers48at48the48United48Family48Therapy48Center48are48conducting48a48study48to48determine48ho
s48of48anxiety48are48reduced48by48different48forms48of48psychotherapy.48What48is48the48dependent48va
?
A) change48in48the48symptoms48of48anxiety
B) the48method48used48to48recruit48participants48for48the48study
C) the48type48of48psychotherapy48used48to48treat48anxiety
D) the48number48of48participants48receiving48each48type48of48psychotherapy
18. Which48of48the48following48is48a48procedure48that48ensures48that48all48participants48have48an48equal48c
gned48to48any48of48the48experimental48conditions?
A) the48double-blind48technique
B) random48assignment
C) the48single-blind48technique
D) random48selection
19. In48a48study48described48in48Chapter481,48psychologist48Paul48Solomon48and48his48colleagues48investi
, 21. Psychologists48are48expected48to48abide48by48ethical48principles48regulating48research48with48human48
ciples48include48all48of48the48following48EXCEPT:
A) informed48consent.
B) deception.
C) confidentiality.
D) compulsory48participation.
22. According48to48the48“Psych48For48Your48Life:48Successful48Study48Techniques”48box48in48your48textb
A) multitasking48while48studying48greatly48enhances48retention48of48content.
B) taking48notes48on48your48laptop48enhances48retention48of48content,48whereas48taking48notes48by48
C) practice48tests48must48be48multiple48choice48or48short48answer48in48order48to48enhance48retention
D) distributed48practice48has48a48greater48impact48on48retention48and48recall48than48massed48practice
23. Which48of48the48following48statements48about48psychologists48is48true?
A) They48focus48exclusively48on48treating48psychological48disorders48and48problems.
B) They48are48interested48in48both48normal48and48abnormal48behaviors.
C) All48psychologists48can48prescribe48medication.
D) All48psychologists48have48a48doctorate48in48their48field48of48study.
24. William48Wundt:
A) was48Sigmund48Freud48and48Erik48Erikson's48mentor.
B) proposed48a48doctrine48called48“interactive48dualism”—the48idea48that48mind48and48body48were48
C) was48the48founder48of48physiology—a48branch48of48biology48that48studies48the48functions48and48
D) defined48psychology48as48the48study48of48consciousness48and48emphasized48the48use48of48experim
asure
it.
25. Edward48Titchener48is48associated48with48which48early48approach48or48“school”48of48psychology?
A) behaviorism
B) structuralism
C) functionalism
D) psychoanalysis
26. Mary48Whiton48Calkins:
A) founded48the48first48psychology48laboratory48in48the48United48States48at48Yale48University.
B) studied48with48Sigmund48Freud48and48became48the48first48female48psychoanalyst48in48the48United
C) is48best48known48for48her48pioneering48research48on48comparative48psychology48and48her48book4
D) conducted48research48on48personality,48dreams,48and48memory,48and48was48the48first48woman48el
48the48American48Psychological48Association.
27. Sigmund48Freud's48school48of48thought,48called48“
,”48emphasized48the48role48of48unconscious48conflic
behavior48and48personality.
A) structuralism
B) functionalism
C) psychoanalysis
D) behaviorism
28. Which48of48the48following48individuals48was48NOT48a48key48scientist48in48the48development48of48beha
A) Sigmund48Freud
B) Ivan48Pavlov
