NURS 6501 / NURS6501, Advanced Pathophysiology
Midterm exam QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
(ALREADY GRADED A+) | LATEST 2025/ 2026
A runner has depleted all the oxygen available for muscle energy. Which of the
following will facilitate his continued muscle performance? - ans -Answer:
Anaerobic glycolysis
What causes the rapid change in the resting membrane potential that initiates an
action potential? - ans -Answer: Sodium gates open, and sodium rushes into the
cell, changing the membrane potential from negative to positive.
A 12-year-old male is diagnosed with Klinefelter syndrome. His karyotype would
reveal which of the following? - ans -Answer: XXY
A nurse is reviewing the pedigree chart. When checking for a proband, what is the
nurse looking for? - ans -Answer: The person who is first diagnosed with a genetic
disease
An aide asks the nurse why people who have neurofibromatosis will show varying
degrees of the disease. Which genetic principle should the nurse explain to the
aide? - ans -Answer: Expressivity
In teaching a patient with cirrhosis, which information should the nurse include
regarding cholesterol? - ans -Answer: Cholesterol decreases the membrane
fluidity of the erythrocyte, which reduces its ability to carry oxygen.
When a patient asks what causes cystic fibrosis, how should the nurse respond?
Cystic fibrosis is caused by an _____ gene - ans -Answer: Autosomal recessive
How are potassium and sodium transported across plasma membranes? - ans -
Answer: By adenosine triphosphate enzyme (ATPase)
The nurse would be correct in identifying the predominant extracellular cation as:
- ans -Answer: Sodium
, The early dilation (swelling) of the cell's endoplasmic reticulum results in: - ans -
Answer: Reduced protein synthesis
What principle should the nurse remember when trying to distinguish aging from
diseases? - ans -Answer: It is difficult to tell the difference because both processes
are believed to result from cell injury.
What is the diagnosis of a 13-year-old female who has a karyotype that reveals an
absent homologous X chromosome with only a single X chromosome present?
Her features include a short stature, widely spaced nipples, reduced carrying
angle at the elbow, and sparse body hair. - ans -Answer: Turner syndrome
A eukaryotic cell is undergoing DNA replication. In which region of the cell would
most of the genetic information be contained? - ans -Answer: Nucleolus
The nurse is teaching staff about the most common cause of Down syndrome.
What is the nurse describing? - ans -Answer: Maternal nondisjunction
A 50-year-old male was recently diagnosed with Huntington disease. Transmission
of this disease is associated with: - ans -Answer: Delayed age of onset
A patient wants to know the risk factors for Down syndrome. What is the nurse's
best response? - ans -Answer: Pregnancy in women over age 35
What is the role of cytokines in cell reproduction? - ans -Answer: Provide growth
factor for tissue growth and development
A newborn male is diagnosed with albinism based on skin, eye, and hair
appearance. Which finding will support this diagnosis? - ans -Answer: Inability to
convert tyrosine to DOPA (3,4 dihydroxyphenylalanine)
Sodium and water accumulation in an injured cell are a direct result of: - ans -
Answer: Decreased ATP production
A nurse is reading a chart and sees the term oncotic pressure. The nurse recalls
that oncotic pressure (colloid osmotic pressure) is determined by: - ans -Answer:
Plasma proteins
Midterm exam QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
(ALREADY GRADED A+) | LATEST 2025/ 2026
A runner has depleted all the oxygen available for muscle energy. Which of the
following will facilitate his continued muscle performance? - ans -Answer:
Anaerobic glycolysis
What causes the rapid change in the resting membrane potential that initiates an
action potential? - ans -Answer: Sodium gates open, and sodium rushes into the
cell, changing the membrane potential from negative to positive.
A 12-year-old male is diagnosed with Klinefelter syndrome. His karyotype would
reveal which of the following? - ans -Answer: XXY
A nurse is reviewing the pedigree chart. When checking for a proband, what is the
nurse looking for? - ans -Answer: The person who is first diagnosed with a genetic
disease
An aide asks the nurse why people who have neurofibromatosis will show varying
degrees of the disease. Which genetic principle should the nurse explain to the
aide? - ans -Answer: Expressivity
In teaching a patient with cirrhosis, which information should the nurse include
regarding cholesterol? - ans -Answer: Cholesterol decreases the membrane
fluidity of the erythrocyte, which reduces its ability to carry oxygen.
When a patient asks what causes cystic fibrosis, how should the nurse respond?
Cystic fibrosis is caused by an _____ gene - ans -Answer: Autosomal recessive
How are potassium and sodium transported across plasma membranes? - ans -
Answer: By adenosine triphosphate enzyme (ATPase)
The nurse would be correct in identifying the predominant extracellular cation as:
- ans -Answer: Sodium
, The early dilation (swelling) of the cell's endoplasmic reticulum results in: - ans -
Answer: Reduced protein synthesis
What principle should the nurse remember when trying to distinguish aging from
diseases? - ans -Answer: It is difficult to tell the difference because both processes
are believed to result from cell injury.
What is the diagnosis of a 13-year-old female who has a karyotype that reveals an
absent homologous X chromosome with only a single X chromosome present?
Her features include a short stature, widely spaced nipples, reduced carrying
angle at the elbow, and sparse body hair. - ans -Answer: Turner syndrome
A eukaryotic cell is undergoing DNA replication. In which region of the cell would
most of the genetic information be contained? - ans -Answer: Nucleolus
The nurse is teaching staff about the most common cause of Down syndrome.
What is the nurse describing? - ans -Answer: Maternal nondisjunction
A 50-year-old male was recently diagnosed with Huntington disease. Transmission
of this disease is associated with: - ans -Answer: Delayed age of onset
A patient wants to know the risk factors for Down syndrome. What is the nurse's
best response? - ans -Answer: Pregnancy in women over age 35
What is the role of cytokines in cell reproduction? - ans -Answer: Provide growth
factor for tissue growth and development
A newborn male is diagnosed with albinism based on skin, eye, and hair
appearance. Which finding will support this diagnosis? - ans -Answer: Inability to
convert tyrosine to DOPA (3,4 dihydroxyphenylalanine)
Sodium and water accumulation in an injured cell are a direct result of: - ans -
Answer: Decreased ATP production
A nurse is reading a chart and sees the term oncotic pressure. The nurse recalls
that oncotic pressure (colloid osmotic pressure) is determined by: - ans -Answer:
Plasma proteins
