WGU C458 HEALTH, FITNESS AND WELLNESS EXAMS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS

WGU C458 HEALTH, FITNESS AND
WELLNESS EXAMS WITH COMPLETE
SOLUTIONS
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Nutrition - ANSprovides the body with the nutrients it needs to perform its daily
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tasks
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Undernutrition - ANSimplies that the individual is not getting enough nutrients. This
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can occur even if the person is consuming more than enough calories
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Malnutrition - ANSan imbalance of proper nutrients
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Anorexia nervosa - ANSliterally means loss of appetite, but this is a misnomer: A
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person with this is hungry, but denies the hunger because of an irrational fear of
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becoming fat. Self-starvation, food preoccupation and rituals, compulsive exercising,
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and often an absence of menstrual cycles in women.
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Untreated, can be fatal. BN BN BN




Bulimia - ANScharacterized by recurring periods of binge eating, during which large
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amounts of food are consumed in a short period of time followed by purging
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(through self-induced vomiting, abuse of laxatives and/or diuretics) or periods of
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fasting
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Binge eating disorder (BED) - ANSepisodes of binge eating characterized by eating
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rapidly, eating large amounts of food even when not feeling hungry, and feeling
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guilty or depressed after overeating.
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Obesity - ANS15 to 20 percent above normal weight. Poor dietary patterns; include
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increased intake of sugars in sweetened soft drinks, foods, and meals of high
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energy, low nutrient density, and large portion sizes. At risk for serious health
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problems such as type 2 diabetes, hypertension, heart disease, stroke, and some
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types of cancer.
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Minerals - ANSinorganic material. Form body parts (teeth and bones), maintain acid-
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base neutrality, regulate nerve impulses, osmotic pressure, and electrolyte balance
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Major minerals - ANSneeded by the body:
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• calcium—milk, cheese, sardines, salmon, green vegetables
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• phosphorus—milk, cheese, lean meat
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,• BN potassium—oranges, bananas, dried fruits BN BN BN



• BN sulfur—eggs, poultry, fish BN BN



• BN sodium—table salt, beef, eggs, cheese BN BN BN BN



• BN chloride—table salt, meat BN BN



• BN magnesium—green vegetables, whole grains BN BN BN




Trace minerals - ANSrequired in lesser amounts, and include iron, zinc, selenium,
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magnesium, copper, iodine, fluorine, chromium, molybdenum, and manganese
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HDL cholesterol (high density lipoproteins) - ANSprotect the body against heart
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disease. Often called "good" cholesterol.
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LDL cholesterol (low density lipoproteins) - ANSmost cholesterol in the blood is of
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this type. Often referred to as the bad cholesterol. high levels in the blood
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increases the risk of fatty deposits forming in the arteries, which in turn increases
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the risk of a heart attack
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Lipoproteins - ANSlarge molecules of fat and protein in the bloodstream; how
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cholesterol is transported
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Antioxidants - ANSslow the aging process. Reduce cellular damage by binding with
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free radicals produced during oxidation reactions
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Oxidation reactions - ANSthe energy-yielding reactions in which either an oxygen
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atom adds an electron to or a hydrogen atom removes an electron from a
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substrate (a group of atoms or molecule)—the net result is a substrate that has
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had a partial or complete loss of a negatively charge particle, an electron. Two
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partially charged atoms or groups of atoms, one positively charged and the other
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negatively charged, now exist
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Free radical (Oxidant) - ANSany atom or group of atoms that has an unpaired
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electron. Because electrons typically function in pairs, these are very prone to
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binding to other substrates in an effort to regain this paired status. When this
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happens in the human body, there is potential for a great deal of damage.
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Carbohydrates - ANSproduce 4 calories of energy per gram. Found in foods as
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monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides. Sources include fruits,
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vegetables, pasta, and rice which consist of simple sugars and starches
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Protein - ANSproduce 4 calories of energy per gram. Sources include meats and
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milk. Composed of 8 essential(provided by the diet) and 12
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nonessential(synthesized by the body) amino acids. Perform many functions
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including building cells and tissues, forming blood and enzymes, and fighting
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infection.
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, means primary, and no organism can live, and almost no biological process can
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take place, without it
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Lipids - ANSproduce 9 calories of energy per gram. Organic compounds that do not
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readily dissolve in water; based on their solubility, they are classified into
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triglycerides (more commonly known as fats), phospholipids, and sterols
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Incomplete protein - ANSproteins that are lacking one or more of the essential
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amino acids
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Glycogen - ANSthe polysaccharide form in which glucose is stored in the liver
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Glucose - ANSsimple sugar. The only source of energy that brain cells use to
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function
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Triglycerides (Fats) - ANSSolid at room temperature. Group of chemical compounds
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that contain fatty acids, often in very long strands. Most concentrated source of
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energy in the diet. Provides much of the stored energy of the body. Insulate body
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organs against changes in environmental temperature. Protect the organs and
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underlying tissues by acting as a shock absorber.
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Water - ANSessential component of body structure. Second only to oxygen in
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importance to body functioning. Acts as a solvent for minerals and other
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physiologically important compounds. In the body, it transports nutrients to and
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waste products from the cells and helps regulate body temperature. Comes from
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fluids and solids in the diet and also is produced by the metabolic processing of
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energy nutrients within the tissues
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Oils - ANSliquid at room temperature.
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Vitamins - ANSorganic compounds required by every part of the body to maintain
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health and prevent disease. Classified as either fat-soluble or water-soluble. Do not
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become part of the body. Only small amounts are needed, but must be provided by
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the diet because the body is not able to synthesize them in the required quantities
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for proper nourishment and body function. Foster growth, promote the ability to
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produce healthy offspring, maintain health, aid in the normal function of the
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digestive tract and appetite, and help maintain immune system functions.
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Fat-soluble vitamins - ANSfound in the fatty parts of food and body tissues. Stored
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in the body until needed, so it is not necessary to consume them every day.
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Transported by lipids through the body; A, D, E, and K
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Vitamin A - ANSimportant in promoting growth and health of body tissues as well as
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enhancing the function of the immune system. Enhances vision by helping the
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retina function properly, permitting us to distinguish between light and shade and to
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see various colors distinctly. A form of this is used by dermatologists to treat acne
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