CBMT-prep Questions with Complete
Solutions
Music as group contingency The behavior of any one individual resulted in a consequence for
the entire group. In a study of emotionally disturbed boys, when anyone engaged in off-task
behavior, background music was interrupted until appropriated behavior was restored. Off-task
behavior decreased dramatically when the music interruption contingency was in effect.
Music as group contingency The behavior of the group as a whole resulted in a group
consequence. A certain noise level in a home economics classroom and on a bus yielded the
cessation of background music. These studies demonstrated behavioral change as a function of
the ______
Music as a behavioral antecedent When music is used as an antecedent stimulus to prompt a
particular, it sets the occasion for the anticipated response. There are many processes which are
in effect as music cues behavior.
music as cue - Melody The melodic line may provide a cue to teach new skill. Music
therapists may set the letters of a child's name to a simple tune, and while leading this
personalized song, teach them the correct letter sequence. Here, the melody may be cueing the
spoken letters.
,Paired-Associate The idea of presenting a stimulus to cue a certain response is central to the
learning process. In fact, at the foundation of language acquisition is the simple "__________,"
where the presentation of a single word is a stimulus for the recall of a second word. Music has
been a useful adjunct to learning paired-associates, and thus, holds great potential as a cue in
short-term memory tasks. Melody intonation therapy, a variation on the musical cue them, has
also achieved success.
Guidelines for instructional music sessions 1. Start with music
2. Set musical objectives to complement non-music objectives.
3. Start at the individual's level.
4. Devise an instructional program with small increments of new learning.
5. Reward learning appropriately.
6. Model when possible
7. Prompt physically or verbally.
8. Include familiar and simple as well as challenging new music experience.
9. Select music reflecting interest, performance capability, and relevance.
10. End each session with music.
, Orff-Schulwerk The approach developed by Carl Orff, offers musical activities which
emphasize natural rhythms, speech as the basis for song, and exploration in movement and play
to encourage creativity and imagination.
Insight therapy In the psychotherapeutic setting, music has been employed as an expressive
therapy, and in ______ with an emphasis on the projection of feelings through musical
experience. Well-documented affective responses to music are at the source of this therapeutic
attempt to evoke, express and understand one's own feelings and emotions. The arousal of
emotions by music is meant to lead to a fuller self-awareness, which in turn precipitates a
heightened perception of one's self. This process attempts to foster insight as a therapeutic goal.
Reeducative therapy self-growth through readjustment or behavioral change is sought
Reconstructive therapy it is focused on the reorganization of the personality. As emotions
become accessible through musical projection, they are discussed in an attempt to gain greater
understanding.
unconscious material and deep-set emotions comprise the raw data for therapy.
Clinical improvisation This tends to focus on awareness, nonverbal communication and
expression, and integration of self. Improvisational interactions are analyzed as intra-, or
Solutions
Music as group contingency The behavior of any one individual resulted in a consequence for
the entire group. In a study of emotionally disturbed boys, when anyone engaged in off-task
behavior, background music was interrupted until appropriated behavior was restored. Off-task
behavior decreased dramatically when the music interruption contingency was in effect.
Music as group contingency The behavior of the group as a whole resulted in a group
consequence. A certain noise level in a home economics classroom and on a bus yielded the
cessation of background music. These studies demonstrated behavioral change as a function of
the ______
Music as a behavioral antecedent When music is used as an antecedent stimulus to prompt a
particular, it sets the occasion for the anticipated response. There are many processes which are
in effect as music cues behavior.
music as cue - Melody The melodic line may provide a cue to teach new skill. Music
therapists may set the letters of a child's name to a simple tune, and while leading this
personalized song, teach them the correct letter sequence. Here, the melody may be cueing the
spoken letters.
,Paired-Associate The idea of presenting a stimulus to cue a certain response is central to the
learning process. In fact, at the foundation of language acquisition is the simple "__________,"
where the presentation of a single word is a stimulus for the recall of a second word. Music has
been a useful adjunct to learning paired-associates, and thus, holds great potential as a cue in
short-term memory tasks. Melody intonation therapy, a variation on the musical cue them, has
also achieved success.
Guidelines for instructional music sessions 1. Start with music
2. Set musical objectives to complement non-music objectives.
3. Start at the individual's level.
4. Devise an instructional program with small increments of new learning.
5. Reward learning appropriately.
6. Model when possible
7. Prompt physically or verbally.
8. Include familiar and simple as well as challenging new music experience.
9. Select music reflecting interest, performance capability, and relevance.
10. End each session with music.
, Orff-Schulwerk The approach developed by Carl Orff, offers musical activities which
emphasize natural rhythms, speech as the basis for song, and exploration in movement and play
to encourage creativity and imagination.
Insight therapy In the psychotherapeutic setting, music has been employed as an expressive
therapy, and in ______ with an emphasis on the projection of feelings through musical
experience. Well-documented affective responses to music are at the source of this therapeutic
attempt to evoke, express and understand one's own feelings and emotions. The arousal of
emotions by music is meant to lead to a fuller self-awareness, which in turn precipitates a
heightened perception of one's self. This process attempts to foster insight as a therapeutic goal.
Reeducative therapy self-growth through readjustment or behavioral change is sought
Reconstructive therapy it is focused on the reorganization of the personality. As emotions
become accessible through musical projection, they are discussed in an attempt to gain greater
understanding.
unconscious material and deep-set emotions comprise the raw data for therapy.
Clinical improvisation This tends to focus on awareness, nonverbal communication and
expression, and integration of self. Improvisational interactions are analyzed as intra-, or
