PUD (peptic ulcer disease) - study
guide 2025 Questions and Answers
100% Pass
Peptic ulcer disease - ✔✔- While the gastric ulcer is caused by delayed emptying of
the stomach acid that leads to the breakdown of lining of the stomach
- PUD/ duodenal ulcer is the fast emptying of the stomach that is too quick and can
cause the breakdown of the lining of duodenum
Note: So, what happens when acid penetrates the mucosa of the stomach? -
✔✔When the mucosal lining is damaged histamine is released
- and this is a catch 22 because it signals to the parietal cells to release more HCL...so
you get even more toxic acid in the stomach which continues to erode the damaged
area.
Risk factor or PUD - ✔✔- Age: Duodenal ulcers (25-50 years), gastric ulcers (50+
years)
- H. pylori infection (main cause of ulcers)
- Increased gastric acid & gastrin levels
- Smoking & alcohol use
- NSAIDs & steroids (reduce protective prostaglandins)
- Genetics & psychological stress (e.g., chronic anxiety, Type A personality)
COPYRIGHT © 2025 BY EMILLY CHARLOTTE, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 1
, Causes of PUD - ✔✔- H. pylori Infection - Main cause, produces urease, creating
ammonia that damages the stomach lining.
- NSAID Use (Long-term) - Blocks prostaglandins, reducing stomach protection and
increasing acid exposure.
- Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome - Tumor increases gastrin, leading to excessive acid
production.
- Other Factors - Smoking, alcohol, and genetics increase susceptibility. Stress and
certain foods don't cause ulcers but can worsen symptoms.
S/S - ✔✔Gastric Ulcers: Pain worsens after eating, weight loss, vomiting blood
Duodenal Ulcers: Pain relieved by food, night pain, dark stools
Complications of differents diseases - ✔✔GI Bleeding: Pale skin, tachycardia,
vomiting blood, dark stool
Peritonitis: Severe pain, bloating, fever, tachycardia
Obstruction: Vomiting, bloating, pain
Dumping Syndrome (Post-Surgery):
Early: Nausea, bloating, diarrhea, hypotension
Late: Hypoglycemia (sweating, dizziness, weakness)
Physical Assessment - ✔✔Physical Assessment/Signs and Symptoms
- Epigastric tenderness and pain
- Rigid, board-like abdomen with rebound tenderness and pain = peritonitis
COPYRIGHT © 2025 BY EMILLY CHARLOTTE, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 2
guide 2025 Questions and Answers
100% Pass
Peptic ulcer disease - ✔✔- While the gastric ulcer is caused by delayed emptying of
the stomach acid that leads to the breakdown of lining of the stomach
- PUD/ duodenal ulcer is the fast emptying of the stomach that is too quick and can
cause the breakdown of the lining of duodenum
Note: So, what happens when acid penetrates the mucosa of the stomach? -
✔✔When the mucosal lining is damaged histamine is released
- and this is a catch 22 because it signals to the parietal cells to release more HCL...so
you get even more toxic acid in the stomach which continues to erode the damaged
area.
Risk factor or PUD - ✔✔- Age: Duodenal ulcers (25-50 years), gastric ulcers (50+
years)
- H. pylori infection (main cause of ulcers)
- Increased gastric acid & gastrin levels
- Smoking & alcohol use
- NSAIDs & steroids (reduce protective prostaglandins)
- Genetics & psychological stress (e.g., chronic anxiety, Type A personality)
COPYRIGHT © 2025 BY EMILLY CHARLOTTE, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 1
, Causes of PUD - ✔✔- H. pylori Infection - Main cause, produces urease, creating
ammonia that damages the stomach lining.
- NSAID Use (Long-term) - Blocks prostaglandins, reducing stomach protection and
increasing acid exposure.
- Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome - Tumor increases gastrin, leading to excessive acid
production.
- Other Factors - Smoking, alcohol, and genetics increase susceptibility. Stress and
certain foods don't cause ulcers but can worsen symptoms.
S/S - ✔✔Gastric Ulcers: Pain worsens after eating, weight loss, vomiting blood
Duodenal Ulcers: Pain relieved by food, night pain, dark stools
Complications of differents diseases - ✔✔GI Bleeding: Pale skin, tachycardia,
vomiting blood, dark stool
Peritonitis: Severe pain, bloating, fever, tachycardia
Obstruction: Vomiting, bloating, pain
Dumping Syndrome (Post-Surgery):
Early: Nausea, bloating, diarrhea, hypotension
Late: Hypoglycemia (sweating, dizziness, weakness)
Physical Assessment - ✔✔Physical Assessment/Signs and Symptoms
- Epigastric tenderness and pain
- Rigid, board-like abdomen with rebound tenderness and pain = peritonitis
COPYRIGHT © 2025 BY EMILLY CHARLOTTE, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 2
