NR 224 FINAL EXAM LATEST VERSION ACTUAL
EXAM QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED
ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES|ALREADY GRADED
A+||
What is the most effective method to prevent the transfer of clostridium difficile
(C. Difficile) ? - ans -HAND HYGIENE with soap and water is effective to physically
remove C. difficile spores from the hands. (Potter 1092)
Which amino acids are NOT manufactured by the body and MUST be obtained
through diet or external source are known as? - ans -Indispensable amino acids
Which amino acids ARE manufactured by the body? - ans -Dispensable amino
acids
The ChooseMyPlate program was developed by whom? - ans -U.S. Department of
Agriculture
Which program established guidelines for balancing calories? - ans -
ChooseMyPlate
What are the goals of ChooseMyPlate? - ans -decreasing portion size, increasing
healthy food intake, increase water consumption, maintain body weight in a
healthy range, increase activity, decrease salt intake, increase fruit, vegetable,
and whole grain intake
Which measurement is determined by dividing the patients weight in kilograms
by height in meters squared and is considered to be the most reliable indicator of
nutritional status and health by HCP's? - ans -Body Mass Index [BMI]
Vegans are at risk for which nutritional deficiency? - ans -Vitamin B12 deficiency
b/c the vitamin is only found in animal sources and vegans ONLY consume plant
products
,Breast milk or formula provides sufficient nutrition for the first _____ to _____
months of life - ans -4 to 6 months
Breast milk benefits: fewer food allergies and intolerances; fewer infant
infections; easier digestion; convenience, availability, and freshness; temperature
always correct; economical because it is less expensive than formula; and
increased time for mother and infant interaction. (Potter 1002)
Infants should not have regular cow's milk during the first year of life. It is too
concentrated for an infant's kidneys to manage, increases the risk of milk product
allergies, and is a poor source of iron and vitamins C and E. Honey and corn syrup
are potential sources of botulism toxin and should not be used in an infant's diet.
This toxin is potentially fatal in children under 1 year of age (Potter 1002)
What are the therapeutic diets? - ans -Clear Liquid
Clear fat-free broth, bouillon, coffee, tea, carbonated beverages, clear fruit juices,
gelatin, fruit ices, popsicles
Full Liquid
smooth-textured dairy products (e.g., ice cream), strained or blended cream
soups, custards, refined cooked cereals, vegetable juice, pureed vegetables, all
fruit juices, sherbets, puddings, frozen yogurt
Pureed
clear and full liquid, with addition of scrambled eggs; pureed meats, vegetables,
and fruits; mashed potatoes and gravy
Mechanical Soft
As for clear and full liquid and pureed, with addition of all cream soups, ground or
finely diced meats, flaked fish, cottage cheese, cheese, rice, potatoes, pancakes,
light breads, cooked vegetables, cooked or canned fruits, bananas, soups, peanut
butter, eggs (not fried)
Soft/Low Residue
,Addition of low-fiber, easily digested foods such as pastas, casseroles, moist
tender meats, and canned cooked fruits and vegetables; desserts, cakes, and
cookies without nuts or coconut
High Fiber
Addition of fresh uncooked fruits, steamed vegetables, bran, oatmeal, and dried
fruits
Low Sodium
4-g (no added salt), 2-g, 1-g, or 500-mg sodium diets; vary from no added salt to
severe sodium restriction (500-mg sodium diet)
Low Cholesterol
300 mg/day cholesterol
Diabetic
balanced intake of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins; varied caloric
recommendations to accommodate patient's metabolic demands
Regular
No restrictions, unless specified
(Potter 1017)
Why is water critical? - ans -Cell function depends on fluid environment
Infants have greatest percentage of total body water; older adults have the least
Water makes up 60-70% of total body weight
Saturated fats are found mostly in ______ sources - ans -Animal Sources
_______ nitrogen balance occurs when the body loses more nitrogen than it gains
from infection, trauma, burns, fever, starvation, etc. - ans -Negative Nitrogen
Balance
, MUST provide patient with protein and proper nutrients to put patient into
positive nitrogen balance
Which vitamins are considered water-soluble vitamins and need to be provided in
daily food intake because they are not stored in the body? - ans -Vitamin C and B
Which vitamins are considered fat-soluble vitamins that are stored in fatty
compartments of the body? - ans -Vitamin A, D, E, and K
Which minerals require a daily intake of 100 mg or more? - ans -Macrominerals
These balance the pH of the body and certain amounts are necessary for acid-
base balance
Which minerals require a daily intake of 100 mg or less - ans -Microminerals
What are the six rights of medication administration? - ans -1. Right Patient
2. Right Medication
3. Right Dose
4. Right Route
5. Right Time
6. Right Documentation
Which organ is responsible for drug metabolism? - ans -Liver
Which organ is responsible for drug excretion? - ans -Kidney
If the patient is unable to excrete or metabolize the drug [kidney or renal
insufficiency] what happens? - ans -Drug toxicity b/c the drug accumulates in the
blood
How should the nurse instill ear drops for children < 3 years of age? - ans -Pull
auricle DOWN and BACK
How should the nurse instill ear drops for children > 4 and adults? - ans -Pull
auricle UP and BACK
EXAM QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED
ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES|ALREADY GRADED
A+||
What is the most effective method to prevent the transfer of clostridium difficile
(C. Difficile) ? - ans -HAND HYGIENE with soap and water is effective to physically
remove C. difficile spores from the hands. (Potter 1092)
Which amino acids are NOT manufactured by the body and MUST be obtained
through diet or external source are known as? - ans -Indispensable amino acids
Which amino acids ARE manufactured by the body? - ans -Dispensable amino
acids
The ChooseMyPlate program was developed by whom? - ans -U.S. Department of
Agriculture
Which program established guidelines for balancing calories? - ans -
ChooseMyPlate
What are the goals of ChooseMyPlate? - ans -decreasing portion size, increasing
healthy food intake, increase water consumption, maintain body weight in a
healthy range, increase activity, decrease salt intake, increase fruit, vegetable,
and whole grain intake
Which measurement is determined by dividing the patients weight in kilograms
by height in meters squared and is considered to be the most reliable indicator of
nutritional status and health by HCP's? - ans -Body Mass Index [BMI]
Vegans are at risk for which nutritional deficiency? - ans -Vitamin B12 deficiency
b/c the vitamin is only found in animal sources and vegans ONLY consume plant
products
,Breast milk or formula provides sufficient nutrition for the first _____ to _____
months of life - ans -4 to 6 months
Breast milk benefits: fewer food allergies and intolerances; fewer infant
infections; easier digestion; convenience, availability, and freshness; temperature
always correct; economical because it is less expensive than formula; and
increased time for mother and infant interaction. (Potter 1002)
Infants should not have regular cow's milk during the first year of life. It is too
concentrated for an infant's kidneys to manage, increases the risk of milk product
allergies, and is a poor source of iron and vitamins C and E. Honey and corn syrup
are potential sources of botulism toxin and should not be used in an infant's diet.
This toxin is potentially fatal in children under 1 year of age (Potter 1002)
What are the therapeutic diets? - ans -Clear Liquid
Clear fat-free broth, bouillon, coffee, tea, carbonated beverages, clear fruit juices,
gelatin, fruit ices, popsicles
Full Liquid
smooth-textured dairy products (e.g., ice cream), strained or blended cream
soups, custards, refined cooked cereals, vegetable juice, pureed vegetables, all
fruit juices, sherbets, puddings, frozen yogurt
Pureed
clear and full liquid, with addition of scrambled eggs; pureed meats, vegetables,
and fruits; mashed potatoes and gravy
Mechanical Soft
As for clear and full liquid and pureed, with addition of all cream soups, ground or
finely diced meats, flaked fish, cottage cheese, cheese, rice, potatoes, pancakes,
light breads, cooked vegetables, cooked or canned fruits, bananas, soups, peanut
butter, eggs (not fried)
Soft/Low Residue
,Addition of low-fiber, easily digested foods such as pastas, casseroles, moist
tender meats, and canned cooked fruits and vegetables; desserts, cakes, and
cookies without nuts or coconut
High Fiber
Addition of fresh uncooked fruits, steamed vegetables, bran, oatmeal, and dried
fruits
Low Sodium
4-g (no added salt), 2-g, 1-g, or 500-mg sodium diets; vary from no added salt to
severe sodium restriction (500-mg sodium diet)
Low Cholesterol
300 mg/day cholesterol
Diabetic
balanced intake of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins; varied caloric
recommendations to accommodate patient's metabolic demands
Regular
No restrictions, unless specified
(Potter 1017)
Why is water critical? - ans -Cell function depends on fluid environment
Infants have greatest percentage of total body water; older adults have the least
Water makes up 60-70% of total body weight
Saturated fats are found mostly in ______ sources - ans -Animal Sources
_______ nitrogen balance occurs when the body loses more nitrogen than it gains
from infection, trauma, burns, fever, starvation, etc. - ans -Negative Nitrogen
Balance
, MUST provide patient with protein and proper nutrients to put patient into
positive nitrogen balance
Which vitamins are considered water-soluble vitamins and need to be provided in
daily food intake because they are not stored in the body? - ans -Vitamin C and B
Which vitamins are considered fat-soluble vitamins that are stored in fatty
compartments of the body? - ans -Vitamin A, D, E, and K
Which minerals require a daily intake of 100 mg or more? - ans -Macrominerals
These balance the pH of the body and certain amounts are necessary for acid-
base balance
Which minerals require a daily intake of 100 mg or less - ans -Microminerals
What are the six rights of medication administration? - ans -1. Right Patient
2. Right Medication
3. Right Dose
4. Right Route
5. Right Time
6. Right Documentation
Which organ is responsible for drug metabolism? - ans -Liver
Which organ is responsible for drug excretion? - ans -Kidney
If the patient is unable to excrete or metabolize the drug [kidney or renal
insufficiency] what happens? - ans -Drug toxicity b/c the drug accumulates in the
blood
How should the nurse instill ear drops for children < 3 years of age? - ans -Pull
auricle DOWN and BACK
How should the nurse instill ear drops for children > 4 and adults? - ans -Pull
auricle UP and BACK
