Test Bank for Psychology 8th Edition by Hockenbury-PSY101
2022
Answers on the last page
1. One53of53the53four53basic53goals53of53psychology53is53to:
A) listen53to,53counsel,53and53console53people53with53problems.
B) apply53the53findings53of53animal53research53to53abnormal53behavior.
C) control53people.
D) describe53behavior53and53mental53processes.
2. Wilhelm53Wundt53focused53on:
A) nature53versus53nurture53issues53and53interactive53dualism.
B) how53brain53damage53contributes53to53mental53illness.
C) fundamental53psychological53processes,53such53as53mental53reaction53times53in53response53to53vis
D) the53effects53of53mental53illness53on53families.
3. 53became53the53first53major53school53of53thought53in53psychology53and53relied53on53a53method5
A) Functionalism
B) Psychoanalysis
C) Behaviorism
D) Structuralism
4. The53first53African53American53to53earn53a53Ph.D.53in53psychology53was:
A) Mary53Whiton53Calkins.
B) Francis53C.53Sumner.
C) Edward53B.53Titchener.
D) G.53Stanley53Hall.
5. dominated53American53psychology53beginning53in53the53early531900s.
A) Behaviorism
B) Psychoanalysis
C) Humanism
D) Structuralism
6. As53one53of53the53advocates53of , developed53a53theory53of53motivation53that53emphasized53psy
A) functionalism;53G.53Stanley53Hall
B) psychoanalysis;53Sigmund53Freud
C) humanistic53psychology;53Abraham53Maslow
D) structuralism;53Edward53B.53Titchener
7. Which53of53the53following53titles53would53most53likely53be53found53in53a53research53journal53for53neur
A) “Increased53levels53of53the53Hormone53Testosterone53Impact53the53Brain,53Causing53Increased53A
n53Laboratory53Rats”
B) “The53Effects53of53Compliments53on53Helping53Behavior”
C) “Decreases53in53Social53Functioning53Can53Be53Reversed53Through53Increased53Social53Activiti
D) “Spacing53Rehearsals53During53Learning53Improves53Long-Term53Memory53for53Nonsense53Syl
,B) skepticism.
C) lawful53understanding.
D) cautious53interpretation.
,12. According53to53the53“Science53Versus53Pseudoscience”53box,53which53of53the53following53items53is53N
strategies53used53by53proponents53of53pseudoscience53to53give53credibility53to53their53claims?
A) shifting53the53burden53of53proof
B) use53of53irrefutable53or53nonfalsifiable53claims
C) combining53unfounded53claims53with53established53scientific53findings
D) use53of53the53scientific53method53and53replication53of53their53findings53by53other53scientists
13. Professor53Newberg53decided53to53study53preferences53of53senior53adults,53so53he53visited53a53local53re
3invited53residents53to53participate53in53a53lengthy53survey.53Professor53Newberg's53survey53results53a
because53he53did53not53use:
A) a53valid53hypothesis.
B) an53operational53definition.
C) independent53and53dependent53variables.
D) a53representative53sample53of53participants.
14. Of53the53following53correlation53coefficients,53which53represents53the53weakest53relationship53betwee
A) –0.67
B) +0.53
C) +0.32
D) –0.12
15. Several53correlational53studies53indicate53that53the53more53time53students53spend53playing53violent53vi
e53greater53their53tendency53to53engage53in53delinquent53behavior.53Based53on53this53result,53you53wo
d53in53stating53that:
A) playing53violent53video53games53causes53delinquent53behavior.
B) there53is53a53positive53correlation53between53delinquent53behavior53and53playing53violent53video5
C) there5 3 is5 3 a5 3 neT
gaetisvteB
coarnreklaftioorn53P
bestywceheo
n53lpolagyyin8
gtvhioE
lednittvio
idneobgyam
Heos53cakndendbeluinrqyuent5 3 be
D) the53researchers53were53conducting53pseudoscientific53research.
16. Correlational53research:
A) can53indicate53causality53in53either53a53positive53or53a53negative53direction.
B) provides53the53most53compelling53evidence53of53a53cause-and-effect53relationship53between53two
C) can53reveal53the53degree53to53which53two53factors53are53related53or53co-vary53in53a53systematic53w
D) has53been53banned53by53the53American53Psychological53Association53since53the531960s,53but53it5
es.
17. Researchers53at53the53United53Family53Therapy53Center53are53conducting53a53study53to53determine53ho
s53of53anxiety53are53reduced53by53different53forms53of53psychotherapy.53What53is53the53dependent53va
?
A) change53in53the53symptoms53of53anxiety
B) the53method53used53to53recruit53participants53for53the53study
C) the53type53of53psychotherapy53used53to53treat53anxiety
D) the53number53of53participants53receiving53each53type53of53psychotherapy
18. Which53of53the53following53is53a53procedure53that53ensures53that53all53participants53have53an53equal53c
gned53to53any53of53the53experimental53conditions?
A) the53double-blind53technique
B) random53assignment
C) the53single-blind53technique
D) random53selection
19. In53a53study53described53in53Chapter531,53psychologist53Paul53Solomon53and53his53colleagues53investi
, 21. Psychologists53are53expected53to53abide53by53ethical53principles53regulating53research53with53human53
ciples53include53all53of53the53following53EXCEPT:
A) informed53consent.
B) deception.
C) confidentiality.
D) compulsory53participation.
22. According53to53the53“Psych53For53Your53Life:53Successful53Study53Techniques”53box53in53your53textb
A) multitasking53while53studying53greatly53enhances53retention53of53content.
B) taking53notes53on53your53laptop53enhances53retention53of53content,53whereas53taking53notes53by53
C) practice53tests53must53be53multiple53choice53or53short53answer53in53order53to53enhance53retention
D) distributed53practice53has53a53greater53impact53on53retention53and53recall53than53massed53practice
23. Which53of53the53following53statements53about53psychologists53is53true?
A) They53focus53exclusively53on53treating53psychological53disorders53and53problems.
B) They53are53interested53in53both53normal53and53abnormal53behaviors.
C) All53psychologists53can53prescribe53medication.
D) All53psychologists53have53a53doctorate53in53their53field53of53study.
24. William53Wundt:
A) was53Sigmund53Freud53and53Erik53Erikson's53mentor.
B) proposed53a53doctrine53called53“interactive53dualism”—the53idea53that53mind53and53body53were53
C) was53the53founder53of53physiology—a53branch53of53biology53that53studies53the53functions53and53
D) defined53psychology53as53the53study53of53consciousness53and53emphasized53the53use53of53experim
asure
it.
25. Edward53Titchener53is53associated53with53which53early53approach53or53“school”53of53psychology?
A) behaviorism
B) structuralism
C) functionalism
D) psychoanalysis
26. Mary53Whiton53Calkins:
A) founded53the53first53psychology53laboratory53in53the53United53States53at53Yale53University.
B) studied53with53Sigmund53Freud53and53became53the53first53female53psychoanalyst53in53the53United
C) is53best53known53for53her53pioneering53research53on53comparative53psychology53and53her53book5
D) conducted53research53on53personality,53dreams,53and53memory,53and53was53the53first53woman53el
53the53American53Psychological53Association.
27. Sigmund53Freud's53school53of53thought,53called53“
,”53emphasized53the53role53of53unconscious53conflic
behavior53and53personality.
A) structuralism
B) functionalism
C) psychoanalysis
D) behaviorism
28. Which53of53the53following53individuals53was53NOT53a53key53scientist53in53the53development53of53beha
A) Sigmund53Freud
B) Ivan53Pavlov
2022
Answers on the last page
1. One53of53the53four53basic53goals53of53psychology53is53to:
A) listen53to,53counsel,53and53console53people53with53problems.
B) apply53the53findings53of53animal53research53to53abnormal53behavior.
C) control53people.
D) describe53behavior53and53mental53processes.
2. Wilhelm53Wundt53focused53on:
A) nature53versus53nurture53issues53and53interactive53dualism.
B) how53brain53damage53contributes53to53mental53illness.
C) fundamental53psychological53processes,53such53as53mental53reaction53times53in53response53to53vis
D) the53effects53of53mental53illness53on53families.
3. 53became53the53first53major53school53of53thought53in53psychology53and53relied53on53a53method5
A) Functionalism
B) Psychoanalysis
C) Behaviorism
D) Structuralism
4. The53first53African53American53to53earn53a53Ph.D.53in53psychology53was:
A) Mary53Whiton53Calkins.
B) Francis53C.53Sumner.
C) Edward53B.53Titchener.
D) G.53Stanley53Hall.
5. dominated53American53psychology53beginning53in53the53early531900s.
A) Behaviorism
B) Psychoanalysis
C) Humanism
D) Structuralism
6. As53one53of53the53advocates53of , developed53a53theory53of53motivation53that53emphasized53psy
A) functionalism;53G.53Stanley53Hall
B) psychoanalysis;53Sigmund53Freud
C) humanistic53psychology;53Abraham53Maslow
D) structuralism;53Edward53B.53Titchener
7. Which53of53the53following53titles53would53most53likely53be53found53in53a53research53journal53for53neur
A) “Increased53levels53of53the53Hormone53Testosterone53Impact53the53Brain,53Causing53Increased53A
n53Laboratory53Rats”
B) “The53Effects53of53Compliments53on53Helping53Behavior”
C) “Decreases53in53Social53Functioning53Can53Be53Reversed53Through53Increased53Social53Activiti
D) “Spacing53Rehearsals53During53Learning53Improves53Long-Term53Memory53for53Nonsense53Syl
,B) skepticism.
C) lawful53understanding.
D) cautious53interpretation.
,12. According53to53the53“Science53Versus53Pseudoscience”53box,53which53of53the53following53items53is53N
strategies53used53by53proponents53of53pseudoscience53to53give53credibility53to53their53claims?
A) shifting53the53burden53of53proof
B) use53of53irrefutable53or53nonfalsifiable53claims
C) combining53unfounded53claims53with53established53scientific53findings
D) use53of53the53scientific53method53and53replication53of53their53findings53by53other53scientists
13. Professor53Newberg53decided53to53study53preferences53of53senior53adults,53so53he53visited53a53local53re
3invited53residents53to53participate53in53a53lengthy53survey.53Professor53Newberg's53survey53results53a
because53he53did53not53use:
A) a53valid53hypothesis.
B) an53operational53definition.
C) independent53and53dependent53variables.
D) a53representative53sample53of53participants.
14. Of53the53following53correlation53coefficients,53which53represents53the53weakest53relationship53betwee
A) –0.67
B) +0.53
C) +0.32
D) –0.12
15. Several53correlational53studies53indicate53that53the53more53time53students53spend53playing53violent53vi
e53greater53their53tendency53to53engage53in53delinquent53behavior.53Based53on53this53result,53you53wo
d53in53stating53that:
A) playing53violent53video53games53causes53delinquent53behavior.
B) there53is53a53positive53correlation53between53delinquent53behavior53and53playing53violent53video5
C) there5 3 is5 3 a5 3 neT
gaetisvteB
coarnreklaftioorn53P
bestywceheo
n53lpolagyyin8
gtvhioE
lednittvio
idneobgyam
Heos53cakndendbeluinrqyuent5 3 be
D) the53researchers53were53conducting53pseudoscientific53research.
16. Correlational53research:
A) can53indicate53causality53in53either53a53positive53or53a53negative53direction.
B) provides53the53most53compelling53evidence53of53a53cause-and-effect53relationship53between53two
C) can53reveal53the53degree53to53which53two53factors53are53related53or53co-vary53in53a53systematic53w
D) has53been53banned53by53the53American53Psychological53Association53since53the531960s,53but53it5
es.
17. Researchers53at53the53United53Family53Therapy53Center53are53conducting53a53study53to53determine53ho
s53of53anxiety53are53reduced53by53different53forms53of53psychotherapy.53What53is53the53dependent53va
?
A) change53in53the53symptoms53of53anxiety
B) the53method53used53to53recruit53participants53for53the53study
C) the53type53of53psychotherapy53used53to53treat53anxiety
D) the53number53of53participants53receiving53each53type53of53psychotherapy
18. Which53of53the53following53is53a53procedure53that53ensures53that53all53participants53have53an53equal53c
gned53to53any53of53the53experimental53conditions?
A) the53double-blind53technique
B) random53assignment
C) the53single-blind53technique
D) random53selection
19. In53a53study53described53in53Chapter531,53psychologist53Paul53Solomon53and53his53colleagues53investi
, 21. Psychologists53are53expected53to53abide53by53ethical53principles53regulating53research53with53human53
ciples53include53all53of53the53following53EXCEPT:
A) informed53consent.
B) deception.
C) confidentiality.
D) compulsory53participation.
22. According53to53the53“Psych53For53Your53Life:53Successful53Study53Techniques”53box53in53your53textb
A) multitasking53while53studying53greatly53enhances53retention53of53content.
B) taking53notes53on53your53laptop53enhances53retention53of53content,53whereas53taking53notes53by53
C) practice53tests53must53be53multiple53choice53or53short53answer53in53order53to53enhance53retention
D) distributed53practice53has53a53greater53impact53on53retention53and53recall53than53massed53practice
23. Which53of53the53following53statements53about53psychologists53is53true?
A) They53focus53exclusively53on53treating53psychological53disorders53and53problems.
B) They53are53interested53in53both53normal53and53abnormal53behaviors.
C) All53psychologists53can53prescribe53medication.
D) All53psychologists53have53a53doctorate53in53their53field53of53study.
24. William53Wundt:
A) was53Sigmund53Freud53and53Erik53Erikson's53mentor.
B) proposed53a53doctrine53called53“interactive53dualism”—the53idea53that53mind53and53body53were53
C) was53the53founder53of53physiology—a53branch53of53biology53that53studies53the53functions53and53
D) defined53psychology53as53the53study53of53consciousness53and53emphasized53the53use53of53experim
asure
it.
25. Edward53Titchener53is53associated53with53which53early53approach53or53“school”53of53psychology?
A) behaviorism
B) structuralism
C) functionalism
D) psychoanalysis
26. Mary53Whiton53Calkins:
A) founded53the53first53psychology53laboratory53in53the53United53States53at53Yale53University.
B) studied53with53Sigmund53Freud53and53became53the53first53female53psychoanalyst53in53the53United
C) is53best53known53for53her53pioneering53research53on53comparative53psychology53and53her53book5
D) conducted53research53on53personality,53dreams,53and53memory,53and53was53the53first53woman53el
53the53American53Psychological53Association.
27. Sigmund53Freud's53school53of53thought,53called53“
,”53emphasized53the53role53of53unconscious53conflic
behavior53and53personality.
A) structuralism
B) functionalism
C) psychoanalysis
D) behaviorism
28. Which53of53the53following53individuals53was53NOT53a53key53scientist53in53the53development53of53beha
A) Sigmund53Freud
B) Ivan53Pavlov
