Bio 100 Marci Adams BYU Exam 1 Questions
With All Correct Answers
Scientific Theory Correct answer-An explanation of natural phenomena developed through
extensive and reproducible observations; more general and reliable than hypothesis
Hypothesis Correct answer-a proposed explanation for a phenomenon based on available evidence
that leads to a prediction that can be tested
Inductive Reasoning Correct answer-how scientific theories arise. It's when you make a broad
generalization based on many supporting observations, not based on things that contradict it.
Deductive Reasoning Correct answer-General --> Specific. used after a scientific theory is made.
You take a generalization and then generate a hypothesis to say how an experiment will turn out,
based on a previously existing theory.
Deductive reasoning example Correct answer-it's where you conclude specific observations are
true based on supported broad generalization. Like based on cell theory, if you find a new thing that
has characteristics of life, you can conclude it's made of cells.
Inductive Reasoning example Correct answer-Specific --> General
makes broad generalizations from specific observations. "the neighbors dog just barked.
all dogs can bark"
Covalent Bond Correct answer-strongest, most common, electrically neutral, shares electrons
(oxygen to hydrogen in H2O)
Ionic bond Correct answer-loss or gain of electron from ions to form a stable compound (NaCl)
Hydrogen Bond Correct answer-weak, slightly polar and therefore attractive to other slightly polar
molecules (H2O molecules sticking to other H2O molecules)
- Happens with compounds with F, O, N
Cohesion Correct answer-water molecules stick together because of the hydrogen bonds
Adhesion Correct answer-sticky to slightly charged surfaces
Allows plants/trees to deliver water hundreds of feet against gravity
Allows water in plasma to be returned to heart from your big toe
Hydrophobic Correct answer-"water fearing"; parts of membranes
Hydrophilic Correct answer-"water loving"
Molecules that are attracted to water
Many biological compounds
Parts of membranes
Frostbite Correct answer-freezing of water inside cells and the ice crystals puncture membrane
Cell death
Leads to tissue death
, Big Four Correct answer-Carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, Nucleic Acids (DNA)
Dehydration synthesis Correct answer-Organic molecules joined by removing water
Hydrolysis Correct answer-Organic molecules broken by adding water
Monosaccharide Correct answer-(Carb Big four) one sugar molecule
Glucose
Fructose
Galactose
Ribose
Polysaccharide Correct answer-(Carb big four) many sugar molecules bonded together
Starch in plants
Glycogen in animals
Cellulose in plant structure; non-digestible in humans (fiber)
Chitin in exoskeleton of arthropods
Phospholipids Correct answer-hydrophobic "tails" and hydrophilic "heads" = cell membranes
Lipids Correct answer-Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
hydrophobic; insoluble in water
store energy, waxy coverings, membranes
Fats: more energy storage than sugars, but weigh less
Long chains of carbons!!
Lipid examples Correct answer-saturated, unsaturated, phospholipids, cholesterol, steroids,
hormones
Protein Correct answer-carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen
amino acid is the building block:
only 20 naturally occurring
denaturation: chemically or thermally breaking bonds
Secondary Structure Correct answer-folding, bending, or pleating of protein maintained by
hydrogen bonds
primary structure of protein Correct answer-order of amino acids, when protein denatured it is
brought to this.
Tertiary Structure Correct answer-hydrogen and disulfide bonds of protein
Quarternary Structure Correct answer-The fourth level of protein structure; the shape resulting
from the association of two or more polypeptide subunits. globular=hemoglobin, strands=collagen
Nucleotides Correct answer-building blocks of nucleic acids. ATP = adenosine triphosphate is
example
Nucleic Acids Correct answer-carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus
DNA and RNA are examples
different sugar groups + nucleotides
With All Correct Answers
Scientific Theory Correct answer-An explanation of natural phenomena developed through
extensive and reproducible observations; more general and reliable than hypothesis
Hypothesis Correct answer-a proposed explanation for a phenomenon based on available evidence
that leads to a prediction that can be tested
Inductive Reasoning Correct answer-how scientific theories arise. It's when you make a broad
generalization based on many supporting observations, not based on things that contradict it.
Deductive Reasoning Correct answer-General --> Specific. used after a scientific theory is made.
You take a generalization and then generate a hypothesis to say how an experiment will turn out,
based on a previously existing theory.
Deductive reasoning example Correct answer-it's where you conclude specific observations are
true based on supported broad generalization. Like based on cell theory, if you find a new thing that
has characteristics of life, you can conclude it's made of cells.
Inductive Reasoning example Correct answer-Specific --> General
makes broad generalizations from specific observations. "the neighbors dog just barked.
all dogs can bark"
Covalent Bond Correct answer-strongest, most common, electrically neutral, shares electrons
(oxygen to hydrogen in H2O)
Ionic bond Correct answer-loss or gain of electron from ions to form a stable compound (NaCl)
Hydrogen Bond Correct answer-weak, slightly polar and therefore attractive to other slightly polar
molecules (H2O molecules sticking to other H2O molecules)
- Happens with compounds with F, O, N
Cohesion Correct answer-water molecules stick together because of the hydrogen bonds
Adhesion Correct answer-sticky to slightly charged surfaces
Allows plants/trees to deliver water hundreds of feet against gravity
Allows water in plasma to be returned to heart from your big toe
Hydrophobic Correct answer-"water fearing"; parts of membranes
Hydrophilic Correct answer-"water loving"
Molecules that are attracted to water
Many biological compounds
Parts of membranes
Frostbite Correct answer-freezing of water inside cells and the ice crystals puncture membrane
Cell death
Leads to tissue death
, Big Four Correct answer-Carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, Nucleic Acids (DNA)
Dehydration synthesis Correct answer-Organic molecules joined by removing water
Hydrolysis Correct answer-Organic molecules broken by adding water
Monosaccharide Correct answer-(Carb Big four) one sugar molecule
Glucose
Fructose
Galactose
Ribose
Polysaccharide Correct answer-(Carb big four) many sugar molecules bonded together
Starch in plants
Glycogen in animals
Cellulose in plant structure; non-digestible in humans (fiber)
Chitin in exoskeleton of arthropods
Phospholipids Correct answer-hydrophobic "tails" and hydrophilic "heads" = cell membranes
Lipids Correct answer-Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
hydrophobic; insoluble in water
store energy, waxy coverings, membranes
Fats: more energy storage than sugars, but weigh less
Long chains of carbons!!
Lipid examples Correct answer-saturated, unsaturated, phospholipids, cholesterol, steroids,
hormones
Protein Correct answer-carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen
amino acid is the building block:
only 20 naturally occurring
denaturation: chemically or thermally breaking bonds
Secondary Structure Correct answer-folding, bending, or pleating of protein maintained by
hydrogen bonds
primary structure of protein Correct answer-order of amino acids, when protein denatured it is
brought to this.
Tertiary Structure Correct answer-hydrogen and disulfide bonds of protein
Quarternary Structure Correct answer-The fourth level of protein structure; the shape resulting
from the association of two or more polypeptide subunits. globular=hemoglobin, strands=collagen
Nucleotides Correct answer-building blocks of nucleic acids. ATP = adenosine triphosphate is
example
Nucleic Acids Correct answer-carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus
DNA and RNA are examples
different sugar groups + nucleotides
