Life Science 7C Fall 2023 Midterm – ucla
questions with correct answers
What does complex multicellularity require? - ANSCohesion among cells
Communication among cells
How do cells communicate? - ANSThrough molecular signals
What are gap junctions? - ANS(communicating junctions) provide cytoplasmic channels
between adjacent cells
What are the two things that influence cell activity? - ANSphysical environment and
neighboring cells/nearby/distant
What are the 4 things that contribute to communication by chemical signals? -
ANSsignaling cell, signaling molecule, receptor protein, and responding cell.
what does binding cause?
what is the process after receptor activation? - ANSbinding >>> receptor activation
>>>> signal transduction >>>> response >>> termination
what are the differences between communication styles of unicellular eukaryotes and
multicellular eukaryotes? - ANSprokaryotes & unicellular eukaryotes= between
individual organisms
complex multicellular eukaryotes= between cells in the same organism
how does distance affect cell communication? - ANScells far away from each other=
signal molecule is transported by the circulatory system
cells close together= move by diffusion
describe the 4 types of signaling - ANS1) endocrine signaling= signaling by means of
traveling molecules
2) paracrine signaling= act on cells close together; nearby cells
3) autocrine signaling= acts on itself
4) contact-dependent signaling= close contact between cells & the ECM
, describe the receptors for a polar signal molecule and receptors for a nonpolar signal
molecule. where are they located? can they cross the cell surface? - ANSpolar location=
cell surface. can not cross the cell surface
nonpolar location= inside the cell; can cross the cell surface
what are the three types of cell surface receptor types? - ANS1) g-protein coupled
receptor= short responses
2) enzymes (receptor kinases)= ATP becomes a substrate; long responses.
3) ion channels= open or close
contrast receptor kinases and g-protein coupled receptors - ANSg-protein coupled
receptors have short responses . receptor kinases have longer responses.
what are the three germ layers and where are they located? - ANS1) ectoderm,
mesoderm and endoderm.
2) the ectoderm is the outer layer. mesoderm is the inner layer. endoderm is inside the
gut lining.
describe totipotent cell, pluripotent cell, and multipotent cell. - ANStotipotent cell can
give rise to any organism (zygote). pluripotent cell can give rise to any of the 3 germ
layers but not an entire organism. multipotent cell can give rise to a limited #.
what are the 4 basic types of tissue? - ANSepithelial, connective, muscle, nervous
what are the 3 types of epithelial tissue shapes? - ANSflat, round and tall
what are the 3 types of muscle tissue? - ANSskeletal, cardiac, and smooth
what are the 2/3 elements of eukaryotic cells - ANSmicrofilaments, microtubules and in
animal cells they have intermediate filaments.
the three types of motor proteins and their functions are - ANS1) myosin= muscle
contraction
2) kinesin= transports cargo toward microtubules
3) dyenin= transports cargo in the opposite direction of kinesin
what are the three types of cell junctions - ANSanchoring junctions (Desmosomes), tight
junctions, and gap junctions
what can cross the cell membrane and what can not? - ANSlipid soluble can cross
water soluble can not cross.
define binding affinity - ANShow long the signal stays bound
questions with correct answers
What does complex multicellularity require? - ANSCohesion among cells
Communication among cells
How do cells communicate? - ANSThrough molecular signals
What are gap junctions? - ANS(communicating junctions) provide cytoplasmic channels
between adjacent cells
What are the two things that influence cell activity? - ANSphysical environment and
neighboring cells/nearby/distant
What are the 4 things that contribute to communication by chemical signals? -
ANSsignaling cell, signaling molecule, receptor protein, and responding cell.
what does binding cause?
what is the process after receptor activation? - ANSbinding >>> receptor activation
>>>> signal transduction >>>> response >>> termination
what are the differences between communication styles of unicellular eukaryotes and
multicellular eukaryotes? - ANSprokaryotes & unicellular eukaryotes= between
individual organisms
complex multicellular eukaryotes= between cells in the same organism
how does distance affect cell communication? - ANScells far away from each other=
signal molecule is transported by the circulatory system
cells close together= move by diffusion
describe the 4 types of signaling - ANS1) endocrine signaling= signaling by means of
traveling molecules
2) paracrine signaling= act on cells close together; nearby cells
3) autocrine signaling= acts on itself
4) contact-dependent signaling= close contact between cells & the ECM
, describe the receptors for a polar signal molecule and receptors for a nonpolar signal
molecule. where are they located? can they cross the cell surface? - ANSpolar location=
cell surface. can not cross the cell surface
nonpolar location= inside the cell; can cross the cell surface
what are the three types of cell surface receptor types? - ANS1) g-protein coupled
receptor= short responses
2) enzymes (receptor kinases)= ATP becomes a substrate; long responses.
3) ion channels= open or close
contrast receptor kinases and g-protein coupled receptors - ANSg-protein coupled
receptors have short responses . receptor kinases have longer responses.
what are the three germ layers and where are they located? - ANS1) ectoderm,
mesoderm and endoderm.
2) the ectoderm is the outer layer. mesoderm is the inner layer. endoderm is inside the
gut lining.
describe totipotent cell, pluripotent cell, and multipotent cell. - ANStotipotent cell can
give rise to any organism (zygote). pluripotent cell can give rise to any of the 3 germ
layers but not an entire organism. multipotent cell can give rise to a limited #.
what are the 4 basic types of tissue? - ANSepithelial, connective, muscle, nervous
what are the 3 types of epithelial tissue shapes? - ANSflat, round and tall
what are the 3 types of muscle tissue? - ANSskeletal, cardiac, and smooth
what are the 2/3 elements of eukaryotic cells - ANSmicrofilaments, microtubules and in
animal cells they have intermediate filaments.
the three types of motor proteins and their functions are - ANS1) myosin= muscle
contraction
2) kinesin= transports cargo toward microtubules
3) dyenin= transports cargo in the opposite direction of kinesin
what are the three types of cell junctions - ANSanchoring junctions (Desmosomes), tight
junctions, and gap junctions
what can cross the cell membrane and what can not? - ANSlipid soluble can cross
water soluble can not cross.
define binding affinity - ANShow long the signal stays bound
