MCPHS ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY EXAM 2
EXAM WITH CORRECT ACTUAL QUESTIONS
AND CORRECTLY WELL DEFINED ANSWERS
LATEST 2025 - 2026 ALREADY GRADED A+
what hormones control blood calcium levels
parathyroid, calcitrol, calcitonin
what does reduction in blood calcium stimulate
PTH
which hormone increases blood calcium by stimulating intestinal absorption of
calcium and is derived from vitamin D
calcitrol
what hormone lowers blood calcium by inhibiting osteoclast activity
calcitonin
what happens to matrix as we age
decreases
what happens to our bones when we lose collagen
,they become brittle
what are the three classifications for joints that refer to their functionality and
degree of movement
diarthrosis, amphiarthrosis, synarthrosis
What are mature bone cells found within lacunae of compact bone called?
osteocytes
What is the perichondrium?
connective tissue surrounding cartilage
Which of the following describes the lacunae of osseous tissue?
Spaces between lamellae that contain osteocytes
Describe the overall composition of bone tissue.
Bone consists of bone cells and matrix. The bones cells create the matrix, which is
constantly being maintained and replaced.
What is an osteoclast?
A bone-destroying cell that plays an important role in bone remodeling
By weight, mature bone matrix is mostly _____ material.
inorganic
a _____ bone is the traditional model for overall bone structure
long
Immature bone cells that produce the organic bone matrix are called ______.
osteoblasts
The center portion of a long bone is called the
,diaphysis
The hollow space in which an osteocyte resides is called a(n)
lacuna
The bone cells responsible for the breakdown of bone tissue are called
osteoclasts
The end of a long bone is called a(n)
epiphysis
The diaphysis is the center portion of a(n) _____ bone.
long
The layer of connective tissue lining internal surfaces of bones is called
endosteum
Flat bones contain an interior framework of _____ bone sandwiched between two
layers of _____ bone.
Multiple choice question.
spongy, compact
During development, some bones arise from embryonic connective tissue
membranes in a process known as _____ bone formation.
intramembranous
What is the expanded end of a long bone to which tendons and ligaments attach
called?
epiphysis
In which zone of the epiphyseal plate are chondrocytes multiplying and aligning
into longitudinal columns of flattened lacunae?
, zone of cell proliferation
Which layer of tissue lines the internal surfaces of a bone?
endosteum
Which type of bone contains an interior framework of spongy bone sandwiched
between two layers of compact bone?
flat bone
Bone formation associated with cartilage is called ______ ossification.
endochondral
The zone of the epiphyseal plate that is nearest the epiphysis and contains
randomly arranged chondrocytes is the zone of ___
resting cartilage
Which of the following describes the zone of cell hypertrophy in an epiphyseal
plate?
Chondrocytes in this zone are no longer dividing, but are enlarging; there is a
thinning of lacunae walls.
Long bones increase in width and other bones increase in size or thickness
because of ______ growth beneath the periosteum.
appositional
An adult's potential height is determined by genetics but strongly influenced or
modified by what other factors? Select two answers.
hormones & nutrition
What is rickets?
A condition caused by insufficient levels of vitamin D.
Describe the zone of resting cartilage.
EXAM WITH CORRECT ACTUAL QUESTIONS
AND CORRECTLY WELL DEFINED ANSWERS
LATEST 2025 - 2026 ALREADY GRADED A+
what hormones control blood calcium levels
parathyroid, calcitrol, calcitonin
what does reduction in blood calcium stimulate
PTH
which hormone increases blood calcium by stimulating intestinal absorption of
calcium and is derived from vitamin D
calcitrol
what hormone lowers blood calcium by inhibiting osteoclast activity
calcitonin
what happens to matrix as we age
decreases
what happens to our bones when we lose collagen
,they become brittle
what are the three classifications for joints that refer to their functionality and
degree of movement
diarthrosis, amphiarthrosis, synarthrosis
What are mature bone cells found within lacunae of compact bone called?
osteocytes
What is the perichondrium?
connective tissue surrounding cartilage
Which of the following describes the lacunae of osseous tissue?
Spaces between lamellae that contain osteocytes
Describe the overall composition of bone tissue.
Bone consists of bone cells and matrix. The bones cells create the matrix, which is
constantly being maintained and replaced.
What is an osteoclast?
A bone-destroying cell that plays an important role in bone remodeling
By weight, mature bone matrix is mostly _____ material.
inorganic
a _____ bone is the traditional model for overall bone structure
long
Immature bone cells that produce the organic bone matrix are called ______.
osteoblasts
The center portion of a long bone is called the
,diaphysis
The hollow space in which an osteocyte resides is called a(n)
lacuna
The bone cells responsible for the breakdown of bone tissue are called
osteoclasts
The end of a long bone is called a(n)
epiphysis
The diaphysis is the center portion of a(n) _____ bone.
long
The layer of connective tissue lining internal surfaces of bones is called
endosteum
Flat bones contain an interior framework of _____ bone sandwiched between two
layers of _____ bone.
Multiple choice question.
spongy, compact
During development, some bones arise from embryonic connective tissue
membranes in a process known as _____ bone formation.
intramembranous
What is the expanded end of a long bone to which tendons and ligaments attach
called?
epiphysis
In which zone of the epiphyseal plate are chondrocytes multiplying and aligning
into longitudinal columns of flattened lacunae?
, zone of cell proliferation
Which layer of tissue lines the internal surfaces of a bone?
endosteum
Which type of bone contains an interior framework of spongy bone sandwiched
between two layers of compact bone?
flat bone
Bone formation associated with cartilage is called ______ ossification.
endochondral
The zone of the epiphyseal plate that is nearest the epiphysis and contains
randomly arranged chondrocytes is the zone of ___
resting cartilage
Which of the following describes the zone of cell hypertrophy in an epiphyseal
plate?
Chondrocytes in this zone are no longer dividing, but are enlarging; there is a
thinning of lacunae walls.
Long bones increase in width and other bones increase in size or thickness
because of ______ growth beneath the periosteum.
appositional
An adult's potential height is determined by genetics but strongly influenced or
modified by what other factors? Select two answers.
hormones & nutrition
What is rickets?
A condition caused by insufficient levels of vitamin D.
Describe the zone of resting cartilage.
